Pollination ecology and fruiting behavior of Pavetta indica L. (Rubiaceae), a keystone shrub species in the southern Eastern Ghats forest, Andhra Pradesh, India

Raju, A. J. Solomon; Rao, M. Mallikarjuna; Ramana, K. V. V.; Rao, Chitneni Prasad; Sulakshana, Maddala

doi:10.11609/jott.2340.8.9.9155-9170

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A particular pollinator functional group can be thought of as part of the plant's fundamental niche (Johnson, 2010). Several studies have reported plants of various groups with SPP and long floral tube being visited by generalized pollinators, despite the expectation that they would be exclusively pollinated by long‐tongued pollinators (Vaughton, 1996; Lin et al, 2012; Raju & Rao, 2016; Raju et al, 2016). Most of them speculated that short‐proboscis insects collecting pollen on SPP flowers were ineffective pollinators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary pollen presentation: More than to increase pollen transfer precision

Luo

Wang

et al. 2021

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Pollination precision and efficiency have been deemed to be important driving forces in floral evolution. Herkogamy reduction is a main mechanism to increase pollination precision. Secondary pollen presentation (SPP), by which pollen is presented on other floral organs especially pistils, has been widely accepted as a special mechanism to increase pollen transfer precision through spatial reduction of the anther-stigma distance, that is, minimized herkogamy. This overlooks a potential driving force, that is expanding the pollination niche through converting pollen thieves and nectar robbers into effective pollinators. We selected two species as study models with typical pistillate SPP, Pavetta hongkongensis Bremek. (Rubiaceae) and Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Goodeniaceae). In both species, two distinct pollinator functional groups were recognized. Short-tongued bees and flies fed on pollen on stigmas but also stole pollen from anthers and robbed nectar, whereas long-tongued hawkmoths and butterflies only collected nectar. Emasculation had no influence on long-tongued pollinators, but significantly decreased the visitation frequency of short-tongued visitors and fruit set, compared to intact flowers, demonstrating short-tongued visitors did not effectively pollinate and acted merely as pollen thieves or nectar robbers when SPP was absent. Data from the two plant species clearly indicated pistillate SPP has additional adaptive advantages of converting ineffective visitors into pollinators and consequently widening the pollination niche, which could help plants overcome environmental stochasticity. Our results suggest that multiple selective forces drive the evolution of SPP and the minimization of herkogamy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ex Sm. and Pavetta indica L. fed on pollen, and were thought to inadvertently pollinate the flowers, even though they can carry more pollen grains than butterflies and hawkmoths (Raju & Rao, 2016; Raju et al, 2016). Nevertheless, the reasons mentioned above are inadequate to exclude short‐tongued insects as pollinators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary pollen presentation: More than to increase pollen transfer precision

Luo

Wang

et al. 2021

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…Por apresentar grande número de espécies nos sub-bosques das florestas tropicais, a família exerce influência na estrutura da vegetação (Gentry & Emmons 1987, Lopes & Buzato 2005. Além disso, possui papel importante como fonte de recursos para a fauna que se alimenta de pólen, néctar e frutos (Mesquita-Neto et al 2015, Faria & Araujo 2016, Raju & Rao 2016, Mesquita-Neto et al 2018, revelando a importância de estudar a fenologia das espécies de Rubiaceae nesse bioma e ressaltando que é primordial na busca da compreensão do funcionamento destes ecossistemas.…”

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Fenologia Reprodutiva De Rubiaceae Juss. Na Mata Atlântica Paraibana

et al. 2020

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Phenological studies help determine the reproductive and vegetative patterns of plants, contributing to knowledge about dynamics in an environment. We studied the reproductive phenological patterns of five Rubiaceae species in an Atlantic Forest area, evaluating their seed dispersal syndromes and the effects of climatic variables on flowering and fruiting phenology. We monitored reproductive individuals of five species biweekly from February 2015 to February 2016 (one-year period). For each reproductive phenophase, we evaluated the Fournier index and intrapopulational synchronicity. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine possible correlations between phenological phenophases and rainfall, temperature and photoperiod. Seed dispersal syndromes were based on morphological analysis and Van der Pijl classification. The Rubiaceae community showed a continuous pattern of flowering and fruiting. However, when analysing phenological patterns by species, there was a higher concentration of phenophases and synchronicity of populations in the rainy season. Flowering and fruiting were positively correlated with temperature and historical average rainfall. Zoochory was the predominant seed dispersal syndrome, indicating the importance of the Rubiaceae family as a year-round resource for frugivorous communities. Temperature and rainfall regulate the reproductive phenophases similarly, resulting in a high level of synchrony between them.

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“…In the genus Uncaria, male reproductive organs are known to mature before female reproductive organs (i.e., protandry; Raju & Rao, 2016). Uncaria rhynchophylla presents its pollen to vectors on structures other than anthers and in this case the pollen grains are attached to immature stylar heads; a phenomenon referred to as secondary pollen presentation (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncaria rhynchophylla presents its pollen to vectors on structures other than anthers and in this case the pollen grains are attached to immature stylar heads; a phenomenon referred to as secondary pollen presentation (Fig. 1B;Raju & Rao, 2016). The styles of U. rhynchophylla are exerted from corolla tubes ( Fig.…”

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Settling moths as potential pollinators of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Rubiaceae)

Funamoto¹,

Sugiura²

2016

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Nocturnal pollinators such as moths have received less attention than diurnal insects. To elucidate whether nocturnal moths are important pollinators, we observed both the diurnal and nocturnal visitors to the fl owers of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Rubiaceae) in a warm-temperate forest in central Japan. The diurnal visitors included various taxonomic groups (e.g., bees, hoverfl ies and butterfl ies). The nocturnal visitors were exclusively moths (Geometridae, Erebidae, Noctuidae and Crambidae). Pollen grains of U. rhynchophylla were attached to both diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Although diurnal fl ower visitors carried pollen grains of other plant species, nocturnal moths did not carry heterospecifi c pollen grains. These results suggest that nocturnal moths, as well as diurnal insects, are important pollinators of U. rhynchophylla.

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Pollination ecology and fruiting behavior of Pavetta indica L. (Rubiaceae), a keystone shrub species in the southern Eastern Ghats forest, Andhra Pradesh, India

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Secondary pollen presentation: More than to increase pollen transfer precision

Secondary pollen presentation: More than to increase pollen transfer precision

Fenologia Reprodutiva De Rubiaceae Juss. Na Mata Atlântica Paraibana

Settling moths as potential pollinators of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Rubiaceae)

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