Pollination Potential in Portugal: Leveraging an Ecosystem Service for Sustainable Agricultural Productivity

Abstract

As urbanization and agriculture increase worldwide, habitats and food sources for wild pollinators are often fragmented or destroyed. As wild pollinators contribute both resilience and variety to agricultural fields, it is desirable to implement land management practices that preserve their well-being and ability to contribute to food production systems. This study evaluates continental Portugal for its change in suitability to host bee’s pollinator species (Apis mellifera) from 1990 to 2018. It uses the InVEST crop pollination modeling tool and CORINE Land Cover, as well as parameterization to produce pollinator abundance and supply maps. These are generalized to municipality boundaries to provide actionable insights to farmers and policymakers and strengthen land management practices. It finds that the potential for pollination services is growing, with averages of both pollinator abundance and supply indices improving by 8.76% across the continental territory in 28 years. The study results are validated using another pollination index derived from a study that is based on expert opinion and field sampling in a sub-region of Portugal. This method of aggregation of model results and comparison of the percent difference by administrative boundary has the potential to better inform both policymakers and farmers about the pollination potential on a local level, as well as inspire interventions for future productivity.

Pollination crisis Down‐Under: Has Australasia dodged the bullet?

“…There has also been much discussion of pollination and pollinators in the context of sustainable agriculture in North America, Europe, and other parts of the world, but little in Australasia. For example, published articles discussing sustainable agriculture and arising in North America and Europe have often included consideration of pollinators or pollination (e.g., Batra, 1995 ; Kevan et al., 1990 ; Wentling et al., 2021 ) and occasionally in Africa, South America, and Asia (e.g., Garibaldi et al., 2011 ; Mkenda et al., 2019 ; Rehman et al., 2022 ), but rarely in Australasia (e.g., Triplett et al., 2012 ). First Nations knowledge and partnerships are plants, flowers, bees, and pollination and their conservation and management …”

The Economic Value of Land-based Ecosystem Services in Portugal: A Spatially Explicit Approach

“…different regions of Portugal(Wentling et al 2021). While tipping points of pollinators decline have not been identified yet, 87% of all plants depend on pollinators, and pollinator losses may induce ecosystem service collapse and consequent losses for human well-being(Christmann, 2019).…”