Introduction China is rich in coal resources and is the world's largest coal producer and consumer. However, with the development and utilization of coal resources, a large number of wastes, such as coal gangue, mine water and fly ash, will be generated, causing pollution to the surrounding environment of the mining area [1-5]. In particular, under the action of spontaneous combustion, rainwater leaching and wind blowing, the trace heavy metal elements in the coal gangue and fly ash piled in the open air diffuse and migrate to the surrounding environment media, polluting the soil and leading to