Pollution of Water Resources and Environmental Impacts in Urban Areas of Developing Countries: Case of the City of Les Cayes (Haiti)

Balthazard-Accou, Ketty; Emmanuel, Évens; Agnamey, Patrice; Raccurt, C. P.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.86951

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In previous studies, a variety of isotopes have been used to prove that the chemical weathering input of glacial melt water cannot be ignored and has important global carbon cycle significance 24 , 25 . Human activities are also an important factor affecting rock weathering, especially the karst environment which is fragile 26 , 27 and prone to quick penetration from pollutants such as domestic sewage and agricultural fertilizers 28 , 29 . This results in the high mobility of nitrogen 30 , which directly leads to the action of ammonia nitrogen in the soil layer to control the hydrogeochemical process in the hydrochemical evolution 31 , 32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New estimate of chemical weathering rate in Xijiang River Basin based on multi-model

Yong¹,

Shi²,

He³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Hydrochemistry and Sr isotope compositions were measured in water samples collected during high- and low-water periods from the main stream and tributaries of the Xijiang River Basin in southern China. The primary weathering end-members were analyzed and calculated using the multi-model combination and classic hydrogeochemical method. During the high-water period, structural factors were found to be the main factors controlling chemical weathering in the basin, whereas anthropogenic activity and other random factors had a negligible influence. During the low-water period, both structural and random factors controlled chemical weathering. Through path-model and semi-variance analyses, we determined and quantified the relationship between the main weathering sources, whose results were stable; this is consistent with the inversion model. The total dissolved substances were mainly derived from carbonate weathering, which was approximately 76% (0–96%) while silicate weathering accounted for only 14% (5–19%). The inversion model results showed that the optimum silicate weathering rate was 7.264–35.551 × 103 mol/km2/year, where carbonic acid was the main factor that induces weathering. The CO2 flux consumed by rock weathering in the basin during the study period was 150.69 × 109 mol/year, while the CO2 flux consumed by carbonic acid weathering of carbonate (CCW) and silicate rocks (CSW) was 144.47 and 29.45 × 109 mol/year, respectively. The CO2 flux produced by H2SO4 weathered carbonate (SCW) was 23.23 × 109 mol/year.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New estimate of chemical weathering rate in Xijiang River Basin based on multi-model

Yong¹,

Shi²,

He³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Notwithstanding, some developing countries, for example, India and South Africa have, in the last decade, made comparative developmental strides in nanotechnology research and applications, which has seen an increased deployment of nanotechnology in industrial water-treatment processes in these countries [111,112]. Howbeit, poor nations such as Nigeria, Somalia, Haiti etc., have not demonstrated reliable and evidential progress on viable nanotechnology strategies and/or processes for polluted water remediation in their quest for alleviating the pervasive water crisis impacting negatively on the millions of people living in these poor countries [113][114][115]; hence, creating a huge opportunity for the scientific community to devise ingenious, cheap, and simple nanotechnology strategies/processes that can be effectively employed even by uneducated and/or unskilled people in these poor regions, for immediate water remediation and domestic use.…”

Section: Limitations Of Nanotechnology In Water Remediation In Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Based Membranes and Composites for Safe, Potable, and Usable Water: A Survey of Recent Advances

2020

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In the past decades, the demand for potable and usable water has been on a continual increase, while its availability has been on an exponential decline. Studies have argued that, by 2050, only a small fraction of the world's population will have access to clean and safe water, thereby exposing a significant portion of the population to a serious water crisis. Large volumes of wastewater are generated yearly, both domestically and industrially, and the necessity to develop effective and efficient strategies and technologies to recover these wastewaters and turn them into safe and reusable waters is a momentous concern among scientists and policymakers. Across the globe, governments are developing approaches and strategies to mitigate both short-and long-term water challenges resulting from various anthropogenic activities that have contributed to the rising degradation of water quality, coupled with the attendant negative impact of natural disasters, increasing urbanization, among others. Notwithstanding, the advancements in nanotechnology have made it possible to engineer novel and innovative polymer-based materials and composites that possess desirable and even predictable properties for targeted applications, which has presented the opportunity for the development of cost-effective nanotechnologies and processes employed in water remediation, reclamation, purification, and treatment processes worldwide. Nevertheless, these innovative technologies and processes have also been shown to have their limitations and challenges in the enhancement of water quality. Herein we survey the current advancement of selected polymer-based membranes and composites and their intervention for the production of safe, potable, and usable water, as well as their limitations, challenges, recommendations, and future perspectives.

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“…Partindo-se desse escopo, voltado para a dinâmica urbana, destaca--se a questão dos rios e córregos urbanos. Vistos como canais para afastamento dos esgotos pela visão Higienista, tais sistemas foram e ainda vem sendo sobrepujados, perdendo seu traçado, perdendo suas várzeas para a ocupação e sendo poluídos por fontes pontuais e difusas (CAPPS et al, 2016;HE et al, 2017;FERREIRA et al, 2018;BALTHAZARD-ACCOU;YANG et al, 2019;MARTINES et al, 2020). Contudo, tal tratamento em relação aos recursos hídricos urbanos tem resultado em frequentes eventos de inundação, com prejuízos de ordem social e econômica, bem como a disputas em relação ao recurso e provisão de água (SERRANO-NOTIVOLI et al, 2017;XIE et al, 2017;WANG et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Várzeas construídas como Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SbN) para readequação de rios e córregos urbanos

2022

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A abordagem adaptativa do planejamento urbano busca construir uma capacidade de resiliência como etapa prévia para sustentabilidade. Em sintonia, o estudo adotou as Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SbN) para propor a Readequação de rios e córregos urbanos, aliando interesses ambientais e socioeconômicos. Propôs-se assim a utilização de Sistemas de Tratamento por Várzeas Construídas (STVC). Estes congregam as funções das várzeas naturais, elementos da geomorfologia fluvial que são desconsiderados na drenagem urbana convencional, sendo otimizadas por elementos da Engenharia. Assim, como hipótese de pesquisa, considerou-se que os STVC atuariam no tratamento das águas pluviais, diminuindo a carga de poluição difusa carreada até os corpos hídricos pelo sistema convencional de drenagem. Além disso, que sua utilização também corroboraria com a retenção temporária de parte do volume escoado na bacia urbana, favorecendo sua infiltração. Logo, a proposição teve como objetivo aliar tanto o controle quantitativo como, principalmente, o qualitativo das águas urbanas, atuando como barreira protetora do ecossistema aquático. A concepção dos STVC se alinha ainda com o que propõe os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, ODS, propostos pela ONU. E, para verificação da hipótese inicial de atuação combinada quali-quantitativa, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica sobre as potencialidades da implantação de tais sistemas e a consideração do estudo de cenários. As conclusões do estudo permitem destacar o potencial, em termos da drenagem urbana sustentável, que os STVC conferem. Logo, acredita-se que um melhor detalhamento técnico, obtido pela implantação dos sistemas em escala real, pode gerar resultados que validem sua aplicação.

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Pollution of Water Resources and Environmental Impacts in Urban Areas of Developing Countries: Case of the City of Les Cayes (Haiti)

Cited by 11 publications

References 67 publications

New estimate of chemical weathering rate in Xijiang River Basin based on multi-model

New estimate of chemical weathering rate in Xijiang River Basin based on multi-model

Polymer-Based Membranes and Composites for Safe, Potable, and Usable Water: A Survey of Recent Advances

Várzeas construídas como Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SbN) para readequação de rios e córregos urbanos

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