Pollution status and human health risk assessments of selected heavy metals in urban dust of 16 cities in Iran

Jahandari, Ashkan

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08585-8

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…However, again, the most important conclusion, which was drawn from this point of view, was that in the past several years, the contents of some pollutants, mainly of PM, exceeded significantly and constantly either the permissible values or the recommended values when the former values were not available [ 48 ]. As our PM analysis determined, the most significant pollutant enrichment factors were found in deposited PM samples, which was confirmed by the results of Li et al [ 69 ], Men et al [ 70 ], and Jahandari [ 71 ]. In our approach, heavy metals and PAHs were not analysed, as they were measured in PM10, and no permissible or recommended values were available for those substances.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

Traczyk

Gruszecka‐Kosowska

2020

IJERPH

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Aims: Air quality changes with human health risk assessment were investigated. Methods: The measurement results obtained by the Regional Environmental Protection Inspectorate (REPI) in Kraków and our deposited particulate-matter (PM) analysis, as well as United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methodology of risk assessment were used in the study. Results: Annual pollutant contents kept decreasing, with the exception of O3. However, the permissible annual levels were exceeded in the cases of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2. Increased contents of SO2, CO, C6H6, PM10, and PM2.5, as well as of As, Pb, Cd, Ni, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM particles during winter months indicated that house heating was the source of pollution. Due to no significant change in the monthly NO2 contents, this measurement was used as an indicator of traffic sources of pollution. In winter months, the allowable 24 h PM2.5 and PM10 contents were constantly exceeded. PM was identified as the most significant air pollutant. Enrichment factors revealed that deposited PM was enriched with heavy metals. The potential ecological risk (ERI) was determined to be very high for Cd, considerable for Zn, and low for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Tl. The total non-carcinogenic risk indices (HQ) for both adults (HQ = 15.0) and children (HQ = 26.4) exceeded the acceptable value of 1. The total carcinogenic risk indices (CR) for both adults (CR = 1.51 × 10−4) and children (CR = 1.77 × 10−4) exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10−4. Conclusions: In the years 2005–2020, a general decreasing tendency of annual pollutant contents was observed. However, the permissible contaminant contents were still exceeded. PM2.5, BaP, PM10, and NO2 were determined as the most dangerous pollutants in inhalational pathway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

Traczyk

Gruszecka‐Kosowska

2020

IJERPH

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“…The main cause of these variations was the presence of such industries like mining and others near the sampling areas. The presence of heavy metals in urban dust has been studied, and is prominently used as one of the indicators of environmental contamination across the globe [8,12,67]. Most of these studies have linked the presence of heavy metals in urban dust to stationary (power plants, industries, incinerators, and residential heating) and mobile sources (vehicular exhausts and abrasion of vehicle body parts such as tyres).…”

Section: Levels Of Heavy Metals In Urban Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, health-risk assessment of heavy metals in urban dust has been conducted in various countries including, inter alia, Iran [12,13], China [14][15][16], Nepal [4], Armenia [17], Malaysia [18], and Pakistan [19]. These studies have shown different levels of heavy metals in urban atmospheric environments, as well as different levels of risk, through inhalational exposure, ingestion, and/or dermal contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Metal Levels in Urban Dust, Their Methods of Determination, and Risk Assessment

2021

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This review gives insights into the levels of metals in urban dust, their determination methods, and risk assessment. Urban dust harbors a number of pollutants, including heavy metals. There are various methods used for the sampling of urban dust for heavy-metal analysis and source-apportionment purposes, with the predominant one being the use of plastic sampling materials to avoid prior contamination. There are also various methods for the determination of metals, which include: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), among others. Studies have shown that pollutants in urban dust are mainly derived from industrial activities and coal combustion, whereas traffic emissions are also an important, but not a predominant source of pollution. The varying particle-size distribution of urban dust and its large surface area makes it easier for the deposition and transport of heavy metals. Risk-assessment studies have shown that metals in urban dust could cause such problems as human pulmonary toxicity and reduction of invertebrate populations. The risk levels seem to be higher in children than adults, as some studies have shown. It is therefore important that studies on metals in urban dust should always incorporate risk assessment as one of the main issues.

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“…Zn exposure could be attributed to males' use of health supplements (Rafiee et al, 2020). Exposure to Zn through inhalation of PM 10 (Parvizimehr et al, 2020) and re-suspended soil particles (Jahandari, 2020;Keshavarzi et al, 2015;Moghtaderi et al, 2020;Moghtaderi et al, 2019;Torghabeh et al, 2019) cannot be ignored, as well as from dietary intake (Ahmadi & Ziarati, 2015;Derakhshan et al, 2018;Rahmdel et al, 2018;Sepehri et al, 2018). The intake of Fe could be attributed to the use of health supplements, inhalation of particulate matter or dietary intake of kebab and grilled sheep's liver rich in iron and popular with males (Rafiee et al, 2020).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Metals and Metalloids In Hair Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing oxidative stress resulting from environmental exposure to metals (Oids) in a middle Eastern population

Rafiee

Delgado-Saborit

Aquilina

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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Concentrations of metals and metalloids derived mainly from anthropogenic activities have increased considerably in the environment. Metals might be associated with increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage, potentially related to several health outcomes. This study has recruited 200 adult participants, including 110 males and 90 females in Shiraz (Iran), to investigate the relationship between chronic exposure to metals and ROS damage by analyzing malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations, and has evaluated the associations between chronic metal exposure and ROS damage using regression analysis. Our findings showed participants are chronically exposed to elevate As, Ni, Hg, and Pb levels. The mean urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were 3.8 ± 2.35 and 214 ± 134 lg/g creatinine, respectively. This study shows that most heavy metals are correlated with urinary ROS biomarkers (R ranges 0.19 to 0.64). In addition, regression analysis accounting for other confounding factors such as sex, age, smoking status, and teeth filling with amalgam highlights that Al, Cu, Si and Sn are associated with

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Pollution status and human health risk assessments of selected heavy metals in urban dust of 16 cities in Iran

Cited by 60 publications

References 83 publications

The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

A Review of Metal Levels in Urban Dust, Their Methods of Determination, and Risk Assessment

Assessing oxidative stress resulting from environmental exposure to metals (Oids) in a middle Eastern population

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