Pollution status evaluation of some heavy metals along some surface water sources by multivariate data analysis at Sulaimani governorate

Abstract

In Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (KRI), the total concentration of eleven (11) transitional heavy metals were examined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) technique in water samples at 8 sites ( S1 to S8) along Qalyasan Stream and Tanjaro River; also S9 was included in Darbandikhan Lake, S9 is a site located after the confluence of polluted Tanjaro River with Darbandikhan Lake water bodies by about 9 km. Water samples were taken on five dates (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) from March 2015 till July 2015 at each site of the total nine (9) selected sites along the water sources. Because those water sources are used as a direct sink for the untreated domestic and industrial wastewater effluents and they are in the meanwhile used as a main sources for multi human uses such as; drinking, irrigation purpose and industrial activities. Therefore, the objectives of this study were; evaluation the pollution status of the 11 transitional heavy metals by multivariate data analysis, the study also aimed to define the most polluted sites along the water sources during the studied period. In the present study the results showed that the overall mean concentrations of the studied transitional metals illustrated the following abundance decreasing trend; Fe (6874.30) ˃ Mn (378.98) ˃ Cr (114.44) ˃ Ni (77.63) ˃ Zn (66.71) ˃ V (21.10) ˃ Cu (19.47) µg L-1. Moreover, the concentrations were generally exceeded the criteria of WHO drinking water quality in some observations for those metals that have a defined guideline values by WHO. Additionally, S4 and S5 in D5 of sampling date had particularly the maximum levels for the upper and lower limit concentrations of the studied transitional metals. Consequently, S4 and S5 could be regarded as hot-spot sites or contaminated sites. PCA results indicated a total variance of 82.34 % and 11.61 % among the studied transitional metals and sites respectively. On the other hand, the dendrogram plot classified the nine sites of the studied surface water into three major groups at a significant dissimilarity percent of about 48%. Furthermore, S1 and S9 revealed the highest similarity, in contrast to that, S1 showed the highest dissimilarity with S5.

[Retracted] Securitization Concept and Its Application to Environmental Problems in the Kurdistan Region: Prospects and Obstacles

“…Tanjaro and Qlyasan receive untreated domestic and industrial waste before they join the Darbandikhan Reservoir, which is the second largest lake in KRI and the source of drinking water for hundreds of thousands of people. Abdul Hameed M. et al [ 17 ], Salih Majid et al [ 18 , 19 ], and Ahmed Khwakaram [ 20 ] say that the water in the reservoir is not safe for people to drink.…”

Heavy metals concentrations in some Kurdish rice (Oryza sativa L.) short grains cultivated in Iraqi Kurdistan region and its health risk assessment.

“…Among all sampling sites, Ni concentrations and its EDI value in all Kurdish rice samples were above the safe limit of Ni (0.3 mg kg -1 ) for rice consumption set by WHO, 1996, except for Bani Khelan rice, this indicating the possibility of rice contamination from the water resources used for irrigation (Majid et al, 2018), and the high content of Ni found in soil samples in Kurdistan (Kassim et al, 2013, Khudhur et al, 2018. According to previous studies on cereal crops found that nickel tends to accumulate in soils, this might due to the external sources such as fertilizers and pesticides (Martínez-Cortijo and Ruiz-Canales, 2018).…”

GIS Visualization of Solid Waste Disposal Sites and Environmental Impacts in Kurdistan Region-Iraq

“…Unfortunately, there is no quality control for it (Karim et al, 2020). Usually, several forms of research have shown that the river is polluted and that it is prohibited to use its water for any domestic use, but it is still utilized (Majid et al, 2018). a b Generally, 90% of the open dumpsites in Sulaymaniyah are in an emergency situation, particularly the Tanjaro dumpsite.…”