The current study was undertaken to evaluate the mobility, bioaccumulation and transfer of the heavy metals; Cr, Mn, Cu, and Pb from the wastewater of Qalyasan stream to roots tissues and from roots tissues to shoots tissues by means of bioaccumulation factor (BAF), enrichment factor (EF) and translocation factor (TF) in the macrophytes species of T. angustifolia and P. australis at two sites. The analyzed macrophytes plant species were sampled along the streambank of Qalyasan in Sulaimani city. Qalyasan stream is used as a source for irrigation water and also as a sink for the untreated urban and industrial domestic's wastewater effluents. Domestic and industrial discharges are probably the most two main sources for heavy metal contamination in the water of the stream. Our results showed that concentrations of the studied metals in the root and shoot tissues of the macrophyte species were much higher than those in the samples of wastewater from Qalyasan stream. Bioaccumulation factor and enrichment factor values in both species were above 1. High variation among the values was noticed, this indicating that these plants could be considered as trace metals accumulators and both have potential for phytostabilization and phytoextraction. The ranking order of bioaccumulation factor by T. angustifolia for the studied heavy metals was Mn> Cu > Pb > Cr, while by P. australis was Mn> Cu > Cr> Pb. Translocation factor values for Cr, Mn and Cu was higher than 1 by P. australis, whereas by T. angustifolia the values only for Cr and Mn were greater than 1, this is evident that the uptake and accumulation of these metals were higher in the shoot tissues rather than root tissues of the investigated macrophyte species.

In Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (KRI), the total concentration of eleven (11) transitional heavy metals were examined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) technique in water samples at 8 sites ( S1 to S8)  along Qalyasan Stream and Tanjaro River; also S9 was included in Darbandikhan Lake, S9 is a site located after the confluence of polluted Tanjaro River with Darbandikhan Lake water bodies by about 9 km. Water samples were taken on five dates (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) from March 2015 till July 2015 at each site of the total nine (9) selected sites along the water sources. Because those water sources are used as a direct sink for the untreated domestic and industrial wastewater effluents and they are in the meanwhile used as a main sources for multi human uses such as; drinking, irrigation  purpose and industrial activities. Therefore, the objectives of this study were; evaluation the pollution status of the 11 transitional heavy metals by multivariate data analysis, the study also aimed to define the most polluted sites along the water sources during the studied period. In the present study the results showed that the overall mean concentrations of the studied transitional metals illustrated the following abundance decreasing trend; Fe (6874.30) ˃ Mn (378.98) ˃ Cr (114.44) ˃ Ni (77.63) ˃ Zn (66.71) ˃ V (21.10) ˃ Cu (19.47) µg L-1. Moreover, the concentrations were generally exceeded the criteria of WHO drinking water quality in some observations for those metals that have a defined guideline values by WHO. Additionally, S4 and S5 in D5 of sampling date had particularly the maximum levels for the upper and lower limit concentrations of the studied transitional metals. Consequently, S4 and S5 could be regarded as hot-spot sites or contaminated sites. PCA results indicated a total variance of 82.34 % and 11.61 % among the studied transitional metals and sites respectively. On the other hand, the dendrogram plot classified the nine sites of the studied surface water into three major groups at a significant dissimilarity percent of about 48%. Furthermore, S1 and S9 revealed the highest similarity, in contrast to that, S1 showed the highest dissimilarity with S5.

The study aimed to assess the background radiation and to calculate the annual effective dose of Qlyasan stream, Tanjero River and Derbendikhan Lake in Sulaimani Governorate. Although Qlyasan stream and Tanjero River were used intensively for irrigation purposes, they also used as sink for receiving a large volume of domestic and industrial wastewater without any treatment. Consequently, this may be led to different types of contamination such as radiation. Therefore the background radiation was measured at nine sites along Qlyasan stream, Tanjero River and after the confluence Point of Tanjero River by Derbendikhan Lake. The measurements were carried out in two periods, namely May and June 2015, by using a PRM-9000 Mazur nuclear radiation monitor instrument. The average background radiation of effective dose at destination sites was ranged from 0.07 to 0.08 µSvhr-1 in May, but in June, ranged from 0.06 to 0.10 µSv hr-1. The calculated average of the annual accumulated effective dose was varied between 0.105-0.175 mSv y-1, this finding was within the recommended permissible limit by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and (UNSCEAR). The highest average of annual accumulated effective dose was 0.175 mSv y-1 and measured at site S3of Qlyasan stream.

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