Pollution Tradeoffs for Conventional and Natural Gas-Based Marine Fuels

Winebrake, James J.; Corbett, James J.; Umar, Fatima; Yuska, Daniel

doi:10.3390/su11082235

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Their results indicated that LNG is the optimum option from environmental and economic points of view. Different with the other studies, Winebrake et al [16] examined marine emissions by well-to-propeller analysis, which analyzed the fuel emissions from production to distribution. Their results showed that the natural-gas fuel can provide environmental benefits for local residents compared to distillate fuel in the short term, but in the long-run methane leaks will lead to extra global warming.…”

Section: Emission Abatement Methods From Shipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impacts of the Increasingly Strict Sulfur Limit on Compliance Option Choices: The Case Study of Chinese SECA

Fan

2019

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has proposed several environmental regulations on controlling SOx and NOx emissions from ships in coastal areas. Under the framework of IMO, some areas have established strict emission control areas (ECAs) to reduce emissions, which mainly contain Europe and North America. To further strengthen the control and supervision over air pollutants from shipping activities, the Sulfur cap regulation of 0.5% by mass will come into effect on 1 January, 2020 globally, when all the sailing vessels on the high sea should use fuels with sulfur content less than 0.5%. This limit is stricter for the global recognized sulfur emission control areas (SECAs), where it was 0.1% since 1 January 2015. However, Chinese local SECA lags behind the globally recognized SECAs, where the 0.5% Sulfur cap was implemented from 2016 and it has to be strengthened along with the global sulfur cap 2020. These increasingly stringent emission regulations have huge effects on shipping operators. The current study discusses the potential impacts of the stricter sulfur cap on operators’ compliance option choices, where fuel-switching and scrubber system are analyzed under different sulfur limits. Meanwhile, the slow steaming practice is incorporated into the fuel-switching option by considering speed differentiation in different sulfur limit areas. This study develops a cost-minimizing model using NPV (net present value) method. It analyzes the optimal option within vessels’ lifespan considering the tradeoff between the initial investment and future operational cost for newbuilding vessels based on a case study. In addition, emissions of CO2 and SOx are compared under different compliance options in different sulfur cap scenarios. Our results find that the scrubber system is a suitable option to comply with the 0.5% global sulfur limit, and a higher efficiency of sulfur abatement can be attained by the scrubber system option. However, it emits more carbon emissions due to higher energy consumption used by the scrubber system. In addition, the effects of additional vessels deployed in the cycle on the compliance choices are also demonstrated in the analysis.

show abstract

Section: Emission Abatement Methods From Shipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the LNG option needs considerable initial investment and there are supply limitations at ports [15]. In this study, the LNG system is out of our discussion due to its non-comparability of emission abatement with the other alternatives [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the Increasingly Strict Sulfur Limit on Compliance Option Choices: The Case Study of Chinese SECA

Fan

2019

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A comprehensive review of published references (both academic and industrial/governmental reports) on LNG was conducted to accurately assess the estimated GHG emissions level associated with the production and consumption of LNG as a marine fuel. [7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Figure 3 summarizes the LNG emissions ranges, with the average values shown. For the WtT part, emissions ranged between 14-30 g CO 2eq /MJ, with a mean value of 18 g CO 2eq /MJ.…”

Section: Life Cycle Analysis (Lca) Of Lng For Marine Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gases emissions in liquified natural gas as a marine fuel: Life cycle analysis and reduction potential

Al‐Douri

Alsuhaibani

Moore³

et al. 2021

Can J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Substantial increases in shale gas production due to advances in hydraulic fracturing have created tremendous monetization and sustainable development opportunities, one of which is liquified natural gas (LNG). The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has targeted reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shipping by 50% by 2050. Conventional shipping fuels currently used are heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine gas/diesel oil (MGO/MDO). There has been growing interest in using LNG as a shipping fuel because of its competitive cost, availability, and the presence of bunkering infrastructure. A thorough literature review of LNG life cycle GHG emissions shows variation depending on the following factors: shale gas extraction, pretreatment, pipeline transportation distance, liquefaction plant capacity/technology, and ship propulsion system. Compared to conventional fuels, LNG can reduce life cycle emissions up to 18%. Incorporating renewables‐based power generation in liquefaction can reduce emissions by a further 5%–10% (renewable‐assisted LNG). The reduction potential and economic effects of this modification on LNG cost are examined and it is shown that low wind‐based electricity prices can make renewable‐assisted LNG competitive. A comprehensive understanding of the factors impacting LNG emissions help identify the current and future potential of LNG in reducing shipping industry emissions and providing a short‐term transitional fuel until it is supplanted with decarbonized fuels. This paper also uses water‐energy nexus to examine the impact of responsible water management on the carbon footprint of LNG.

show abstract

“…The systems perspective is handled in environmental assessments with a life cycle perspective. Some evaluations for marine fuels are found in literature, although the number of parameters evaluated differs [8,[19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Different System Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winebrake et al [20], categorized as a type 2 study, evaluated the trade-offs in pollution from some marine fuels, including distillate fuels compared to natural gas-based methanol, bio-methanol, and LNG. The assessment was focused on environmental impact and trade-offs between emissions.…”

Section: Multicritiera Decision Analysis Mcda and Marine Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria and Decision Support for A Sustainable Choice of Alternative Marine Fuels

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To reach the International Maritime Organization, IMO, vision of a 50% greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction by 2050, there is a need for action. Good decision support is needed for decisions on fuel and energy conversion systems due to the complexity. This paper aims to get an overview of the criteria types included in present assessments of future marine fuels, to evaluate these and to highlight the most important criteria. This is done using a literature review of selected scientific articles and reports and the authors’ own insights from assessing marine fuels. There are different views regarding the goal of fuel change, what fuel names to use as well as regarding the criteria to assess, which therefore vary in the literature. Quite a few articles and reports include a comparison of several alternative fuels. To promote a transition to fuels with significant GHG reduction potential, it is crucial to apply a life cycle perspective and to assess fuel options in a multicriteria perspective. The recommended minimum set of criteria to consider when evaluating future marine fuels differ somewhat between fuels that can be used in existing ships and fuels that can be used in new types of propulsion systems.

show abstract

Pollution Tradeoffs for Conventional and Natural Gas-Based Marine Fuels

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Impacts of the Increasingly Strict Sulfur Limit on Compliance Option Choices: The Case Study of Chinese SECA

Impacts of the Increasingly Strict Sulfur Limit on Compliance Option Choices: The Case Study of Chinese SECA

Greenhouse gases emissions in liquified natural gas as a marine fuel: Life cycle analysis and reduction potential

Criteria and Decision Support for A Sustainable Choice of Alternative Marine Fuels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About