This paper presents a life-cycle emissions analysis of conventional and natural gas-based marine transportation in the United States. We apply a total fuel cycle—or “well-to-propeller”—analysis that evaluates emissions along the fuel production and delivery pathway, including feedstock extraction, processing, distribution, and use. We compare emissions profiles for methanol, liquefied natural gas, and low sulfur marine fuel in our analysis, with a focus on exploring tradeoffs across the following pollutants: greenhouse gases, particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. For our greenhouse gas analysis, we apply global warming potentials that consider both near-term (20-year) and long-term (100-year) climate forcing impacts. We also conduct uncertainty analysis to evaluate the impacts of methane leakage within the natural gas recovery, processing, and distribution stages of its fuel cycle. Our results indicate that natural-gas based marine fuels can provide significant local environmental benefits compared to distillate fuel; however, these benefits come with a near-term—and possibly long-term—global warming penalty, unless such natural gas-based fuels are derived from renewable feedstock, such as biomass. These results point to the importance of controlling for methane leaks along the natural gas production process and the important role that renewable natural gas can play in the shipping sector. Decision-makers can use these results to inform decisions related to increasing the use of alternative fuels in short sea and coast-wise marine transportation systems.
Nigeria faces a myriad of development challenges in her efforts to grow the economy, create jobs and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Since independence, the Government has developed many Plans and Strategies, including the current Economic Recovery and Growth Plan, in an attempt to address these challenges. The ERGP, which is broadly aligned to the SDGs, is aimed at improving macroeconomic stability; fostering economic growth and diversification; improving competitiveness; fostering social inclusion; and enhancing governance and security. Recent information, communication and technological advances have led to data -from both conventional and unconventional sources- to be readily available in high volumes and velocity and in a variety of forms, or simply, to a Data Revolution. This paper examines the role of Big Data and Data Revolution in promoting sustainable development in Nigeria, as well the emerging opportunities for Statisticians in this regard. The paper posits that the attainment of the SDGs will be greatly hampered if Statisticians do not ask the right questions; access relevant data information and, crucially, perform deeper analytics around data and information. Statisticians have an important role to play in promoting Nigeria’s sustainable development agenda, but only if they become more entrepreneurial; and adequately master and apply the requisite technical and non-technical skills.
It is also common that the safety of most herbal products is further compromised by lack of suitable quality controls, inadequate labeling, and the absence of appropriate information. 7 The most common sources of information on adverse events and reactions to medicines are clinical trials and spontaneous reports. The latter ordinarily far exceed the former in numbers and type, especially serious reports, over the lifetime of a product. 8 Given the reality of global use of TMs, monitoring safety of such medicines becomes a priority for all stakeholders. Traditional medicines are not always safe, particularly when used in combination with other medicines. 5 An Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined as a response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modifications of physiological function. 6 Adverse drug reactions are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. 9 It was reported that up to 20% of patients on drug therapy experience ADR. 10 It is therefore important that medication monitoring systems like pharmacovigilance (PV) are put in place to ensure safety. Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. 11 Reporting ADRs constitutes an integral part of PV process. Spontaneous reporting helps to detect serious and unusual adverse effects previously undetected during clinical trials. 10 In many countries, providers of herbal medicines other than physicians, dentists, pharmacists and nurses are excluded from reporting systems. 12 If adequate coverage of herbal medicines is to be achieved, national reporting schemes should be developed to include all
The deferred acceptance algorithm is an elegant solution to the stable matching problem that guarantees optimality and truthfulness for one side of the market. Despite these desirable guarantees, it is susceptible to strategic misreporting of preferences by the agents on the other side. We study a novel model of strategic behavior under the deferred acceptance algorithm: manipulation through an accomplice. Here, an agent on the proposed-to side (say, a woman) partners with an agent on the proposing side---an accomplice---to manipulate on her behalf (possibly at the expense of worsening his match). We show that the optimal manipulation strategy for an accomplice comprises of promoting exactly one woman in his true list (i.e., an inconspicuous manipulation). This structural result immediately gives a polynomial-time algorithm for computing an optimal accomplice manipulation. We also study the conditions under which the manipulated matching is stable with respect to the true preferences. Our experimental results show that accomplice manipulation outperforms self manipulation both in terms of the frequency of occurrence as well as the quality of matched partners.
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