Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) Grafted Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Exhibited Improved Antithrombogenicity and Anticalcification Properties

Abstract

Replacing diseased valves with bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) is an increasingly recognized treatment for valvular heart disease (VHD) due to the increasing application of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) techniques. However, the dysfunction and structural valvular degeneration (SVD) of BHVs caused by the drawbacks of the traditional glutaraldehyde cross-linking strategy including thrombosis, cytotoxicity, and calcification could shorten the lifespan of BHVs. In this study, a modification strategy for BHVs based on cocrosslinking and copolymerization was developed. Decellularized porcine pericardium and partially methacrylated poly-ε-lysine were first cocrosslinked by glutaraldehyde to achieve the cross-linking and methacrylation of porcine pericardium simultaneously, and then methacrylated modified pericardium was copolymerized with zwitterionic monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) to prepare poly-MPC grafted porcine pericardium (GM). GM exhibited improved endothelialial cells’ proliferation compared with traditional glutaraldehyde cross-linked pericardium (GA) (3.67-fold higher than GA after a 3-day incubation). The platelets’ adhesion test demonstrated the superiority of GM in resistance of platelet adhesion, where the platelet adhered on the surface of GM decreased by levels of approximately 75% compared with GA. Meanwhile, the results of 60-day and 150-day rat subcutaneous implantation demonstrated that GM exhibited improved anticalcification property than GA (1.6 ± 0.4 μg/mg versus 224 ± 15 μg/mg and 3.1 ± 0.5 μg/mg versus 252 ± 15 μg/mg respectively). All the results show that our modification strategy may have the potential for clinical application.

Comparison of Superhydrophilic, Liquid-Like, Liquid-Infused, and Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection and Encrustation

“…To further assess the surface repellence, the samples were exposed to sheep whole blood for 30 s and 1 h, respectively, and the blood coagulation on the surfaces was visualized and compared. According to Huang et al, 33 to quantify the platelet adhesion, the fresh sheep blood was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min to obtain platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and 100 μL of the PRP was dropped onto the surface of each sample and coincubated at 37 °C. After 1 h, the samples were carefully washed with PBS to remove nonadherent platelets and placed in 1% triton-X100 at 37 °C for 1 h to cleave adhered platelets.…”

Double crosslinking decellularized bovine pericardium of dialdehyde chondroitin sulfate and zwitterionic copolymer for bioprosthetic heart valves with enhanced antithrombogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification properties

“…47,48 It has great potential in the application of heart valve materials. [49][50][51][52] Based on the above, we have developed a novel cross-linking strategy for decellularized bovine pericardium (DBP), utilizing the combination of dialdehyde chondroitin sulfate and zwitterion copolymer. The preparation method for obtaining the double-crosslinked pericardial sample is as follows: firstly, OCS (oxidized CSA) was obtained via selectively oxidizing the o-dihydroxy groups on CSA to the aldehyde groups with sodium periodate (NaIO 4 ).…”