Poly(Dopamine) Coating on 3D-Printed Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Bone defects caused by osteoporosis, bone malignant tumors, and trauma are very common, but there are many limiting factors in the clinical treatment of them. Bone tissue engineering is the most promising treatment and is considered to be the main strategy for bone defect repair. We prepared polydopamine-coated poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds via 3D printing, and a series of characterization and biocompatibility tests were carried out. The results show that the mechanical properties and pore-related parameters of the composite scaffolds are not affected by the coatings, and the hydrophilicities of the surface are obviously improved. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography display the nanoscale microporous structure of the bio-materials. Biological tests demonstrate that this modified surface can promote cell adhesion and proliferation and improve osteogenesis through the increase of polydopamine (PDA) concentrations. Mouse cranial defect experiments are conducted to further verify the conclusion that scaffolds with a higher content of PDA coatings have a better effect on the formation of new bones. In the study, the objective of repairing critical-sized defects is achieved by simply adding PDA as coatings to obtain positive results, which can suggest that this modification method with PDA has great potential.

3D Hierarchical, Nanostructured Chitosan/PLA/HA Scaffolds Doped with TiO2/Au/Pt NPs with Tunable Properties for Guided Bone Tissue Engineering

“…The scaffold should constitute a template which promotes extracellular matrix formation and a place for osteoblasts to adhere and proliferate. Such biomaterials can have a form of nanofibers, hydrogels, metal alloys, β-TCP, HA powders, and granules or bioactive glasses [10,11]. Among them, the most promising ones are nanofibrous scaffolds, which can be prepared through electrospinning of the polymer solution since they biomimic natural ECM architecture [12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…Electrospinning enables preparation of micro-and nanofibers, using both raw polymers solution as well as composites and nanocomposites [19]. To enhance NFs properties, ready products may undergo postprocessing functionalization by various substances, such as hydroxyapatite, β-TCP, metal, or metal oxide nanoparticles [5,9,10,[25][26][27]. Such an approach enables preparation of bone-tissue scaffolds with tunable properties, including programmed biodegradability rate, enhanced mechanical durability, crystallinity, antibacterial, bioactivity, and others [25,28].…”

Biomaterial-based strategies for maxillofacial tumour therapy and bone defect regeneration

“…Nevertheless, the degradation of injectable CaP is limited, thus hindering the growth of newborn bones, so introducing porous materials with an enhanced degradation rate would be necessary. In addition to natural sources, synthetic polymer-based biomaterials derived from a series of polymerization and crosslinking processes are designed purposefully with expected properties and functions, among which PLGA 87 and PCL 88 with nontoxic, gelling, filming, and capsuling properties have received widespread use. The properties of synthetic materials alone are slightly inferior, but when natural materials are introduced, a better bone repair result is realized.…”

Melanin and Melanin-Like Hybrid Materials in Regenerative Medicine

“…Several studies have investigated the effect of modified 3DP scaffolds in preclinical animal models. For example, Xu et al have investigated the effects of PDA coating on the osteointegration of 3DP PLGA/β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds [ 144 ]. The results indicated that the PDA coating significantly increased the attachment and spreading of pre-osteogenic cells in vitro.…”

“… Gross specimens ( a ) and micro-CT-reconstructed images ( b ) of experimental animals at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after bare or PDA-coated scaffold-implantation surgery. Reproduced with permission from [ 144 ]. Copyright Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2019.…”