Poly(ethylene glycol)-Alendronate-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles Do Not Alter Cardiovascular Functions and Red Blood Cells’ Properties in Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

In this study, magnetite nanoparticles were prepared and coated with poly(ethylene glycol) terminated by alendronate to ensure firm binding to the iron oxide surface. Magnetic nanoparticles, designated as magnetite coated with poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (Fe3O4@PEG-Ale), were characterized in terms of number-average (Dn) and hydrodynamic (Dh) size, ζ-potential, saturation magnetization, and composition. The effect of particles on blood pressure, vascular functions, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide production in the tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats, as well as the effect on red blood cell (RBC) parameters, was investigated after intravenous administration (1 mg Fe3O4/kg of body weight). Results showed that Fe3O4@PEG-Ale particles did negatively affect blood pressure, heart rate and RBC deformability, osmotic resistance and NO production. In addition, Fe3O4@PEG-Ale did not alter functions of the femoral arteries. Fe3O4@PEG-Ale induced increase in superoxide production in the kidney and spleen, but not in the left heart ventricle, aorta and liver. NO production was reduced only in the kidney. In conclusion, the results suggest that acute intravenous administration of Fe3O4@PEG-Ale did not produce negative effects on blood pressure regulation, vascular function, and RBCs in hypertensive rats.

Differences in Distribution and Biological Effects of F3O4@PEG Nanoparticles in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats—Focus on Vascular Function and Liver

“…On the other hand, acute intravenous administration of Fe 3 O 4 @PEG-Alendronate NPs to SHR rats did not produce changes in BP when investigated 100 min after acute i.v. infusion [ 36 ]. In this study, a decrease in BP occurred only in SHR 24 h post-treatment, suggesting possible changes in vascular functions.…”

“…Previously, we found that an acutely infused lower dose of the USPIONs did not alter 5-HT-induced contractions and overall endothelium-dependent ACh-induced relaxations but elevated its NO-dependent component in WKY. Similarly, Fe 3 O 4 @PEG-alendronate-coated NPs did not damage the vascular function of the femoral artery in SHR after a single infusion [ 36 ]. In this study, 5-HT-induced contractions were unaltered by repeated USPION administration, while NA-induced contractions were significantly increased, compared to the control SHR, suggesting elevated sympathetic nervous system tone.…”

Preliminary Findings on the Effect of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Acute Stress on Selected Markers of Oxidative Stress in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

“…Decreased uptake of USPIONs into erythrocytes of SHR could be one of the reasons why USPIONs had no effect in SHR animals [47]. Oleksa et al (2021) reported that administration of USPIONs had no effect on the fundamental properties and deformability of erythrocytes in SHR [12]. In the WKY group, acute stress and USPIONs significantly reduced antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes.…”

“…USPIONs are coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which ensures their stability and biocompatibility, improves their distribution, and reduces their uptake by the mononuclear phagocytic system [10,11]. The PEG coating of USPIONs reduces undesired interactions with plasma proteins and their subsequent opsonization as well as allowing targeting ligands to be conjugated onto the USPIONs [4,12]. However, using different types of NPs/USPIONs in biomedical applications may cause problems related to their ability to increase oxidative stress and potential toxicity [13,14].…”

Multicellular Spheroids Formation on Hydrogel Enhances Osteogenic/Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Under Magnetic Nanoparticles Induction

“…In the past decades, IONPs have been widely applied in biomedicine and bioengineering such as drug delivery, imaging and cancer therapy. 15,55,56 Ferumoxytol, composed by an iron oxide core and a dextran (PSC) shell, is the only inorganic nanodrug approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical application in vivo. 31 Previously, we found that IONPs γ-Fe 2 O 3 @PSC with cellular uptake promoted the osteogenic differentiation of human bone-derived MSCs on the 2D cell culture platform.…”