“…1, 12,36,193,[206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213] Chemotherapy-driven ICD is typically associated with: (1) surface exposure of calreticulin (CALR), which mediates pro-phagocytic effects, 205,[214][215][216] (2) active or passive release of ATP, which operates as a shortrange 'find me' signal and inflammasome activator; [217][218][219][220][221] (3) passive release of the non-histone chromatin-binding protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which operates as an agonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor (AGER); 57,222,223 (4) active or passive release of annexin A1 (ANXA1), a formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) agonist; 155 (5) active secretion of immunostimulatory and chemotactic cytokines, including type I interferon (IFN), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXCL10; 5,24,224-231 and (6) passive release of nucleic acids, which can engage TLR3, TLR7/8 and/or TLR9. [231][232][233] These danger signals have been robustly associated with ICD induced by anthracyclines (i.e. idarubicin, epirubicin, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone), but some minor, context-dependent variations exist for ICD elicited by cyclophosphamide and bortezomib.…”