Poly-phosphate increases SMC differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on PLGA–polyurethane nanofibrous scaffold

Abstract

The use of bioactive scaffolds in tissue engineering has a significant effect on the damaged tissue healing by an increase in speed and quality of the process. Herein, electrospinning was applied to fabricate composite nanofibrous scaffolds by Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and Polyurethane (PU) with and without poly-phosphate (poly-P). Scaffolds were characterized morphologically by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their biocompatibility was also investigated by SEM, protein adsorption, cell attachment and survival assays. The applicability of the scaffolds for bladder tissue engineering was also evaluated by culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the scaffolds and their differentiation into smooth muscle cell (SMC) was studied at the gene and protein levels. The results demonstrated that scaffold biocompatibility was increased significantly by loading poly-P. SMC related gene and protein expression level in MSCs cultured on poly-P-loaded scaffold was also increased significantly compared to those cells cultured on empty scaffold. It can be concluded that poly-P hasn't also increased scaffold biocompatibility, but also SMC differentiation potential of MSCs was also increased while cultured on the poly-P containing scaffold compared to the empty scaffold. Taken together, our study showed that PLGA-PU-poly-P alone and in combination with MSCs has a promising potential for support urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue engineering.

A Dexamethasone-Loaded Polymeric Electrospun Construct as a Tubular Cardiovascular Implant

“…However, col I levels were changing during the cultivation time points for both polymers, but the final PLA sample on day 12 displayed the most efficient performance (Figure 8). In contrast, a study on coronary smooth muscle cells reported an increase in αSMA and col I expression when PLGA nanoparticles were included in the culture [55].…”

Next Stage Approach to Tissue Engineering Skeletal Muscle

“…Scaffolds created by electrospinning have also been widely used as a method for examining cell migration and organization [ 93 , 94 , 95 ]. Furthermore, it has been proven in multiple studies that the physiochemical properties of the ECM scaffolds can promote muscle cell orientation and maturation [ 96 ] and support satellite cell growth and myogenic protein expression, [ 97 ] as well as the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells [ 98 , 99 , 100 ]. Apsite et al developed a technique whereby a bilayer of electrospun fibers could be induced to self-fold and incapsulate myoblasts.…”

Natural based hydrogels promote chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

“…It seems that cartilage tissue engineering is a promising and efficient cure for classic treatment strategies. Its goals are to recreate cartilaginous substitutes with the same features as natural cartilage ( Messaoudi et al, 2020 ; Rezaei et al, 2020 ).…”

“…However, its clinical application in cartilage tissue engineering is limited due to the chondrocytes' little proliferation and dedifferentiation after long in vitro development ( Huch et al, 2002 ). Unlike chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues, such as bone, bone marrow, fat, and synovial membrane and fluid ( Rezaei et al, 2020 ). MSCs have been thoroughly investigated as cell origins for cartilage tissue engineering because of their ability to adhere to and mature on plastic and differentiate into chondrocytes and other lineages such as adipocytes and osteoblasts (tri-lineage potential) under conditions optimized for single lineages ( Nakayama et al, 2021 ; Thorp et al, 2021 ).…”