Polyacetylene electrodes for non-aqueous lithium batteries

Synthesis, characterization and applications of conductive polymers: A brief review

“…Using electron acceptor or electron donor species for doping the polymer to gain electrical conductivity. Bare and doped PA has been explored for the construction of electrical conductors, semiconducting devices, rechargeable batteries, solar cells, battery electrodes 26,27 …”

Electrochemically Active Polymers for Rechargeable Batteries

“…Generally, cis -polyacetylene is formed when synthesized at low temperatures (≤−78 °C). , During heating or electrochemical cycling of the cis -(CH) x , the thermodynamically more stable trans -polyacetylene is formed. The polymer synthesized at −78 °C has a randomly oriented fibrillar structure with fibrils of 5 to 20 nm; the fibril diameter increases to 30 nm when synthesis occurs at +100 °C. , The specific surface area of polyacetylene films is typically about 40−60 m 2 g -1 . Polyacetylene is oxygen sensitive and, therefore, contact with air should be avoided …”

“…Both positive and negative battery electrodes are typically constructed using as-synthesized (virgin, undoped) polyacetylene films. This material is insulating and has to be anion- or cation-doped by electrochemical or chemical oxidation or reduction to become electronically conducting before its utilization as a battery electrode. ,− ,,,− The doping is often performed electrochemically after the battery is assembled. However, especially for the negative electrodes, the use of electrochemically prereduced (precharged) polymer is convenient.…”

Multistage redox reactions of conductive-polymer nanostructures with lithium ions: potential for high-performance organic anodes

“…The present results suggest that both the molecular structures and morphologies influence the electrochemical properties. In previous works 16,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] , the electrochemical properties of conductive polymers were not fully studied within 3.0-0.01 V. Since the nanoscale morphologies were not fully controlled, the electrochemical properties of conductive polymers for potential application as anodes have been overlooked in previous works. The advantages of nanostructures have been well studied in active materials based on inorganic compounds 57 .…”

“…1b). In earlier works 16,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] , conductive polymers, such as polyacetylene (PA) [29][30][31] , PPy 32 , PTp [33][34][35] , and polyacene derivatives [36][37][38] , showed redox reactions with n doping in the potential range of 2.0-0.5 V vs. Li/Li + . The earlier works concluded that the n-doping reaction is not suitable for the anode-active material in lithium-ion batteries because of the low specific capacity and structure instability 16 .…”