Synthesis, characterization and applications of conductive polymers: A brief review

Abstract

In view of increasing applications of electro-conductive polymers in various fields such as electronics, smart textiles, sensors, energy storage, and medical.Researchers & Scientists from all over the world have continuously investigating the intrinsic conductive polymers (CPs) and its doping process to gain appreciable electrical conductivity suitable for particular applications. Its unique features such as superior stability, processability, workability, light weight, corrosion resistant, tailoribility, flexibility, and gaining wide range of electrical conductivity on doping drives CPs as a possible substitute for metals and semiconductors. An effort has been made to bring various aspects of CPs viz. different methods of synthesis, its applications, doping techniques, characterization techniques, and current trends of its utility. This review article clearly specifies about the different techniques available for the synthesis of CPs such as Polyacetylene, Polyaniline, Polypyrrole, Polyphenylene, Polythiophene, Polyphenyl vinylene, and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) via polymerization using chemical, plasma, electro-chemical, photo-chemical, metathesis methods, and so on, and their electrical conductivity values achieved with and without dopants.

Biological Evaluation and Antioxidant Studies of Nio, Pdo and Pt Nanoparticles Synthesized from a New Schiff Base Complexes

“…This agrees with what was stated in the previous literature [21,22]. As for the UV-Visible spectrum of the platinum nano-metal in Figure 7, it showed an absorption peak at 268 nm due to the electronic transition of π-π*, which is consistent with what was stated in the literature [23].…”

Recent advancements in synthesis, properties, and applications of conductive polymers for electrochemical energy storage devices: A review

“…The electrical conductivity of PA can be enhanced by up to 12 times by using n‐type (electron donor) and p‐type (electron acceptor) dopants to go from insulator to semiconductor to conductor. [ 20 ] The electrical characteristics of PA with various types of dopants are shown in the Table 3. PA does have a bulk density of 0.3–0.6 gcm −3 , with an average of 0.4 gcm −3 .…”

“…[59] T A B L E 3 Electrical properties of PA with various doping conditions. [20] Doped and undoped PA Electrical conductivity (Scm Application of PA in electrochemical devices PA is used in electrochemical energy storage devices for their pseudocapacitive characteristics. PA has been widely used for their comparatively high capacitance, high Ed, controllable redox potential by chemical treatment, excellent conductivity in doping states, high-voltage power windows, and ease of processing, reduced environmental effect, and lower price.…”

“…CPs can be synthesized through chemical or electrochemical oxidation of the monomer. [ 20 ] The oxidation of the monomer and the oxidation of the polymer occur concurrently, with the introduction of a dopant/counter ion at the same time. Generally, very less amount of dopant (less than 1 dopant per polymer unit) is required for oxidation of monomers and polymers.…”

A Brief Review on Fundamentals of Conductive Polymer (CPs)

“…There are now around twenty five conducting polymers being investigated for such uses [39,40] . Because of their reduced weight, high control can be done, cheap cost, tunable electrical conductivity, bio compatibility, and customise ability to provide a sensing and actuating function, these polymers were chosen [49] .…”