Polyacrylic Acid Functionalized Biomass-Derived Carbon Skeleton with Highly Porous Hierarchical Structures for Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction of Volatile Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Abstract

In this study, polyacrylic acid functionalized N-doped porous carbon derived from shaddock peels (PAA/N-SPCs) was fabricated and used as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for capturing and determining volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (VHCs) from water. Characterizations results demonstrated that the PAA/N-SPCs presented a highly meso/macro-porous hierarchical structure consisting of a carbon skeleton. The introduction of PAA promoted the formation of polar chemical groups on the carbon skeleton. Consequently, large specific surface area, highly hierarchical structures, and abundant chemical groups endowed the PAA/N-SPCs, which exhibited superior SPME capacities for VHCs in comparison to pristine N-SPCs and commercial SPME coatings. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the proposed analytical method presented wide linearity in the concentration range of 0.5–50 ng mL−1, excellent reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 5.8%–7.2%, and low limits of detection varying from 0.0005 to 0.0086 ng mL−1. Finally, the proposed method was applied to analyze VHCs from real water samples and observed satisfactory recoveries ranging from 75% to 116%. This study proposed a novel functionalized porous carbon skeleton as SPME coating for analyzing pollutants from environmental samples.

Monitoring Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polyvinyl Dichloride Micro/Nanoplastics in Water by Direct Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

“…N-SPCs SPME fibers were fabricated by adhering coating materials to stainless steel wire and sequent assembly into empty SPME needle as reported in the literature. − The N-SPCs sorbents were obtained by thermal treatment of shaddock peels in a tube furnace, according to our previous study . Typically, 10 g of shaddock peel powder was added into 100 mL of solution, which consisted of urea (3 g) and sodium hydroxide (10 g).…”

Editorial for Special Issue: “Synthesis and Application of Biomass-Derived Carbon-Based Nanomaterial”

“…In the field of environmental protection, Long et al proposed a novel polyacrylic-acid-modified carbon skeleton derived from grapefruit peel, which could serve as solid-phase extraction coating to capture and determine volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in water. Due to their large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups, the detection exhibits a wide linear range and good reproducibility [ 2 ]. In addition, Zhang et al adopted Entermorpha prolifera (EP) as a precursor to prepare N–S co-doped bio-carbon with a layered porous structure and high specific surface area using a molten salt method to degrade sulfamethoxazole via persulfate activation.…”