Polyaddition in miniemulsions: A new route to polymer dispersions

Landfester, Katharina; Tiarks, Franca; Hentze, Hans‐Peter; Antonietti, Markus

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(20000101)201:1<1::aid-macp1>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 130 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Since the shear stress depends on a combination of the shear rate and the emulsion's rheological properties, it is possible to make nanoscale emulsions of strongly immiscible liquids without relying upon thermodynamic selfassembly of nanoscale droplets in microemulsion phases [5,6]. Microfluidic and ultrasonic techniques both produce the kind of extreme shear that is required to break emulsions down to diameters below 100 nm [7][8][9]. Sub-micron emulsions are sometimes called "mini-emulsions", and we define "nanoemulsions" to be emulsions having diameters around 100 nm or less [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme emulsification: formation and structure of nanoemulsions

Mason¹,

Graves²,

Wilking³

et al. 2006

Condens. Matter Phys.

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Nanoemulsions are metastable dispersions of nanodroplets of one liquid that have been ruptured by shear in another immiscible liquid. The ruptured droplets are stabilized against subsequent coalescence by a surfactant. Because the nanodroplets do not form spontaneously, as they can in lyotropic "microemulsion" phases, the structure of nanoemulsions is primarily dependent on the history of the applied shear stresses relative to the interfacial restoring stresses. By applying extremely high shear rates and controlling the composition of the emulsion, we have been able to rupture microscale droplets down to diameters as small as 30 nm in a microfluidic process that yields bulk quantities suitable for commercial production. Following ultracentrifugal fractionation to make the droplets uniform, we study the structure of these emulsions using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) at dilute and concentrated volume fractions. We contrast the structure of a concentrated nanoemulsion with the structure factor of hard spheres at a similar volume fraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme emulsification: formation and structure of nanoemulsions

Mason¹,

Graves²,

Wilking³

et al. 2006

Condens. Matter Phys.

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“…Extra pure ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS), Na 2 S 2 O 3 , FeSO 4 and triethylamine (TEA) (all Fluka) were used as supplied. The emulsifiers used were reagent-grade Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 85 (non-ionic, Tw, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, provided by Serva in the form of a 97% aqueous solution).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results show that the reverse is true, that is, the pretreated Tw per 20 decreases the rate of polymerization after interaction with Na 2 S 2 O 3 and FeSO 4 . The irradiation of surfinit with the UV light probably deactivates peroxide groups in Tw per 20.…”

Section: Rate Of Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene Initiated by Tween-surfinit

Capek

2010

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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The sterically-stabilized miniemulsion polymerization of styrene initiated by peroxide-containing Tweens (Tw per , surfinit) was investigated. The conversion curves for miniemulsion emulsion polymerization are concave downward throughout the polymerization and the observed limiting conversions are much below 100% conversion. The polymerization rate vs conversion curve is described by a curve with two rate intervals and rate maximum located at low conversion. The consumption of peroxide groups in Tween (Tw per ), including their immobilization and accumulation into micelles, leads to the dead-end polymerization. The maximal polymerization rate increases with increasing the emulsifier and peroxide concentrations. The particle size decreases and the number of particles increases with increasing the concentration of emulsifier, Tw per and reducing agent. The increased stability of the polymer dispersions is attributed to the chemically bound moieties of Tw per to the particle surface. The values of the ratio of the final number of polymer particles to the initial number of monomer droplets (N p /N d ) favor the mixed mode of particle nucleation.

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“…22 The cationic polymerization allows the formation of poly-p-methoxystyreneparticles, 23,24 the catalytic polymerization enables the synthesis of polyolefine 25,26 or polyketone particles, 27 the ring-opening metathesis polymerization leads to polynorbonene nanoparticles, 28,29 and the step-growth acylic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization to oligo(phenylene vinylenes) particles. 30 The polyaddition in miniemulsion allows the formation of polyepoxides 31 or polyurethanes (PUs) particles. 32,33 Polycondensation processes yield in stable polyester 34 nanoparticles.…”

Section: Polymeric Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From polymeric particles to multifunctional nanocapsules for biomedical applications using the miniemulsion process

Landfester

Musyanovych

Mailänder

2009

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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164

122

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ABSTRACT:The miniemulsions process represents a versatile tool for the formation of polymeric nanoparticles consisting of different kinds of polymer as obtained by a variety of polymerization types ranging from radical, anionic, cationic, enzymatic polymerization to polyaddition, and polycondensation. The process perfectly allows the encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic liquids and solids in polymeric shells, molecularly dissolved dyes or other components. In combination with a specific functionalization of the nanoparticles' or nanocapsules' surfaces and the possibility to release substances in a defined way from the interior, complex nanoparticles or nanocapsules are obtained, which are ideally suited for application in biomedical application as marker and targeted drug-delivery system. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2010

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Polyaddition in miniemulsions: A new route to polymer dispersions

Cited by 130 publications

References 3 publications

Extreme emulsification: formation and structure of nanoemulsions

Extreme emulsification: formation and structure of nanoemulsions

Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene Initiated by Tween-surfinit

From polymeric particles to multifunctional nanocapsules for biomedical applications using the miniemulsion process

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