Polyamine Oxidase and Diamine Oxidase Activities in Acute Ureteral Obstruction

Abstract

Objective Human milk (HM) is the ideal food for all newborns and infants. Apart from various bioactive compounds, including cytokines, antibodies, hormones, vitamines, it also contains polyamines, such as spermine (Sp), spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put). Aim The present study investigated polyamine metabolism in colostrum and mature human milk by measuring the polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme activities, which are necessary for polyamine catabolism, as well as by determining the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, the final product of polyamine biodegradation. Methods The PAO, DAO activity and MDA levels were quantified in colostrum (1st and 2nd day) as well as in mature human milk, 30th day of lactation. Findings We found the steady increase of PAO activity and steady decrease of DAO activity and MDA levels during first month of lactation. Conclusion Since the products of PAO activity such as, amino aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) might have potential antimicrobial effects, promoting the oxidative stress, it is likely that human milk PAO throughout the lactation period, contributes to the protective effects of human milk.

Influence of Breastfeeding Factors on Polyamine Content in Human Milk

“…The high growth and differentiation rate of cells during the first months of life may account for the larger amounts of polyamines in milk during the early months of breastfeeding [ 23 ]. On the other hand, an increase in the catalytic activity of polyamine oxidase in human milk over the course of lactation could help explain the reduction in polyamine levels after the second month [ 34 ].…”

Polyamines in Human Breast Milk

“…Poliaminler, metabolik olarak poliaminoksidazlar aracılığıyla amino aldehidler ve hidrojen perokside dönüşürler. Bu ürünlerin antimikrobiyal etkilerinin bulunması, laktasyon sürecinde anne sütünün koruyucu etkisine işaret edebilir (34).…”

Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Diamine oxidase (DAO) catalyzes the biodegradation of putrescine, producing malondialdehyde (MDA). These enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis are exclusively located in the intracellular environment, where they participate in DNA transcription and RNA transduction [120]. Therefore, polyamines play an important role in cell proliferation, cell growth, protein synthesis, and nucleic acids [120,121].…”

“…These enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis are exclusively located in the intracellular environment, where they participate in DNA transcription and RNA transduction [120]. Therefore, polyamines play an important role in cell proliferation, cell growth, protein synthesis, and nucleic acids [120,121]. In addition to their endogenous synthesis, they are also supplied exogenously from dietary nutrients and can be found in animal foods, plant foods, and human milk in a free or conjugated form [122].…”