Polyaniline-deposited porous carbon electrode for supercapacitor

Comparison of surface and bulk nitrogen modification in highly porous carbon for enhanced supercapacitors

“…Polyaniline is perhaps the most researched because it has several oxidation-state structures [47]. Adding this nitrogen-containing polymer to carbon has been found to increase the capacitance significantly due to the combined effects from double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance [8]. However, problems arise due to the large polymers blocking the carbon pores during deposition, decreasing the surface area available for charge storage.…”

“…However, problems arise due to the large polymers blocking the carbon pores during deposition, decreasing the surface area available for charge storage. Additionally, swelling and shrinking of the polymers may lead to decreased cyclic stability due to mechanical breakdown [8,48]. Coating the pore surfaces of high surface area carbon with a smaller nitrogen-containing molecule may alleviate these issues.…”

“…This suggests that the hexamine coating is fairly stable and does not decompose significantly during initial cycling. Additionally, unlike large polymer coatings, the hexamine coating does not appear to swell or shrink during cycling, so the cyclic stability does not decrease due to mechanical breakdown [8,48].…”

“…As such, the capacitance is strongly dependent on the surface area of the electrodes. Porous carbon has become the most commonly used electrode material in EDLCs [8], because it is electrically and thermally conductive, chemically inert, mechanically strong, and has a low density [9]. Historically, research efforts have focused on achieving a higher capacitance by maximizing the surface area of the electrode material through careful…”

Nitrogen-enriched activated carbons prepared by the activation of coniferous tree sawdust and their application in the removal of Nitrogen dioxide

“…So far many interesting and effective methods of nitrogen introduction have been proposed. The most important is the reactions of carbon with ammonia, urea or amines, the use of rich in nitrogen plastics as carbon precursors and impregnation of carbons with solutions of amines of different order or covering the surface of activated carbons with a layer of nitrogen-containing polymer (Bashkova and Bandosz 2009;Hayashi et al 2005;Laszlo et al 2001;Khalil et al 2012;Maroto-Valer et al 2005;Chen et al 2003). Applying the above methods, it is possible to obtain a wide gamut of carbonaceous materials of different contents of nitrogen and different types of functional groups containing it.…”