Polyaniline/lignin blends: thermal analysis and XPS

Rodrigues, Paula C.; Muraro, Marilda; Garcia, Carlos Alexandre de Amorim; Souza, Gabriel Pinto de; Abbate, M.; Schreiner, W. H.; Gomes, Maria A.

doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(01)00104-5

Cited by 83 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Incorporation of 65% lignin material into PBS was achieved with an improvement in the tensile and flexural properties of composites. Polyaniline/lignin blends had greater thermal stability than pure polymers (Rodrigues et al 2001). A single Tg value was obtained for the blend of soda lignin/poly(butylenes succinate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Characterization of Cross-linked Alkaline Lignin/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Film with a Formaldehyde Cross-linker

Su¹,

Gui-zhen²

2014

BioResources

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On the basis of previous experiments, industrial alkaline lignin/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) cross-linked films, industrial alkaline lignin/poly (vinyl alcohol) blend films, and neat poly (vinyl alcohol) films were prepared by casting. The films were investigated by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The water contact angles for the three kinds of films were studied as well. The crosslinking reaction between alkaline lignin and PVOH was strong, which was attributed to the high hydrolysis degree of PVOH and the high reactivity of formaldehyde. Compared with the neat PVOH film, the crystallinity of the cross-linked film decreased slightly; the thermal stability of the crosslinked film was higher; DMA analysis showed that the Tg and the tanδ magnitude of the alkaline lignin/PVOH reaction film both decreased slightly. Lignin and the cross-linking reaction both improved the water resistance of films. Therefore, this research has provided a detailed analysis of the characterization of the films while exploring the potential of direct usage of industrial alkaline lignin in polymer materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Characterization of Cross-linked Alkaline Lignin/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Film with a Formaldehyde Cross-linker

Su¹,

Gui-zhen²

2014

BioResources

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“…The disadvantage of CP is that it does not have good mechanical properties. Several attempts were made to combine the mechanical properties of insulating polymers with CP, involving composites and blends, such as PANI mixed with epoxy resin, to produce materials with anti-corrosion properties [12] ; blends of PANI and lignin to study modification in the thermal properties of CP [13] and PANI with polystyrene (PS) to investigate electrical and thermal properties [14] . The mixing of CP with insulating polymers presents the advantage of producing materials with good mechanical properties associated with attractive electrical properties [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of optical, morphological and electrical properties of POMA/PMMA blends, using two different levels of doping with CSA

2012

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Poly(o-methoxyaniline) (POMA) was synthesized by oxidative polymerization of the monomer o-methoxyaniline. POMA/ poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends were produced by dissolving both polymers in chloroform (CHCl 3 ).The amount of camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) used as dopant of POMA was different, providing two methods for preparation of the blends. Solutions were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and then deposited on glass substrate by spin coating for characterization by atomic force microscope (AFM) and current versus voltage (I × V) curves. FTIR spectra of solutions were similar as expected. In the AFM images a reduction and/or loss of globules common in conducting polymers (CP) such as polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives was observed. Films produced with different amounts of CSA presented distinct, linear and non-linear I × V curves.

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“…Imine, amine and positively charged nitrogen atoms (N + ) contents present in the PAni samples may be determined quantitatively using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy by decomposition of the peak corresponding to N 1s at 398.6 (imine, -N=), 399.3 (amine, -NH-) and 401.0 and 402.6 eV (positively charged nitrogen, -N= + and -NH-+ ) [25]. N 1s peak of the polyaniline emeraldine base form should be decomposed into two Gaussian curves of the same area, and with binding energies of 399.3 and 398.6 eV, corresponding to the amine and imine groups, respectively [11]. However, after doping the polyaniline emeraldine base with protonic acids, as TSA, a reduction of the amine peak occurs and, simultaneously, the appearance of a shoulder in the region of higher binding energies (above 400 eV), corresponding to the positively charged nitrogen atoms.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that curauá fibres may act as a reinforcing agent for thermoplastic matrices, such as polyethylene [3,4], polypropylene [5] and polyamide-6 [6,7]. There are numerous studies in the literature reporting the electrical properties of polyaniline emeraldine salt [8][9][10], as well as its application in blends [11,12], but there are few studies about composites constituted of vegetal fibres and conducting polymers [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline coated curauá fibres in polyamide-6 composites: the effect of fibre surface modification on the crystallographic properties

Araújo¹,

Adamo²,

Robertis³

et al. 2014

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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Composites have the ability to combine the individual properties of constitutive components, generating a unique material with properties suitable for a particular purpose. This study aims to develop a polymeric reinforced composite material, which is antistatic and light. Polyaniline (PAni) is one of the most studied conductive polymers due to its ability to exist in a large number of intrinsic redox states. The possibility of carrying out PAni synthesis on vegetable fibres and incorporating this in polymeric matrices, such as polyamide-6, enables the production of antistatic reinforced materials. In this work, curauá fibres were chemically treated with polyaniline doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid and processed with polyamide-6 in a twin-screw co-rotating and interpenetrating extruder. The microstructures of the neat curauá fibres and polyaniline coated curauá fibres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the distribution and morphology of the PAni nanoparticles. The oxidation states of PAni were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction combined with microscopy analyses of PAni synthesized without a substrate, showed crystalline components embedded into amorphous regions in the sample, while the PAni synthesized on the fibres showed a lower degree of crystallinity. The XPS

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Polyaniline/lignin blends: thermal analysis and XPS

Cited by 83 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of Cross-linked Alkaline Lignin/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Film with a Formaldehyde Cross-linker

Characterization of Cross-linked Alkaline Lignin/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Film with a Formaldehyde Cross-linker

Studies of optical, morphological and electrical properties of POMA/PMMA blends, using two different levels of doping with CSA

Polyaniline coated curauá fibres in polyamide-6 composites: the effect of fibre surface modification on the crystallographic properties

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