“…Production of iPCBs may occur during a variety of chemical manufacturing processes that involve carbon, chlorine, and high heat. They have been reported in pigments and dyes used in paints, inks, textiles, paper, cosmetics, leather, and in silicone as well as in vinyl chloride and TiO 2 (titanium dioxide) nanoparticles. − The most studied process leading to inadvertent PCB (iPCBs) contamination is the production of the diarylide yellow pigment, with the resulting generation of PCB-11. − Other iPCBs found abundant in pigments and consumer products include, but are not limited to, PCB-5, PCB-8, PCB-12, PCB-13, PCB-15, PCB-28, PCB-35, PCB-36, PCB-40, PCB-52, PCB-56, PCB-77, PCB-206, PCB-207, PCB-208, and PCB-209, which are also detected in legacy PCB sources in the environment. ,,− Recent studies by Washington State’s Department of Ecology have identified a broad distribution of iPCBs in over 200 pigmented consumer products at concentrations up to parts per million . These iPCBs contaminate not only products but also waste streams, air, water, sediment, and biota. ,− ,,− The relative toxicities of common inadvertent iPCBs congeners are not clear. − In 2014, EPA nominated 3,3′-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) for evaluation by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) based in part on its ubiquity in the environment .…”