Polycyclic aromatic compound profiles from a light-duty direct-injection diesel engine

Collier, Anthony R.; Rhead, M.M.; Trier, Colin; Bell, M. A.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(95)93468-s

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similarly, elevated NPs emissions at maximum speed modes with both the fuels are most likely again due to relatively higher soot formation caused by the decrease in oxidation rate, and thereby decrease in combustion temperature. Maximum speed can increase the turbulence in the combustion chamber, and thus can decrease the combustion temperature by increasing the heat losses (Collier et al 1995). Figure 3 presents the variation in number of particles in nuclei mode during various modes of the cycle.…”

Section: Emissions Of Accumulation Mode Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of biodiesel on particulate numbers and composition emitted from turbocharged diesel engine

Shah

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In present study a turbocharged, medium duty compression ignition engine was alternatively fuelled with biodiesel to investigate the changes in particulate matter composition, relative to that taken with diesel fuel. The engine was operated on an AC electrical dynamometer in accordance with an 8-mode, steady-state cycle. The numbers of particles were estimated through electrical low pressure impactor, while sulfates and trace metals were analyzed by ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, respectively. Nitric oxides and nitrogen dioxides were measured separately using SEMTECH-DS. Experimental results revealed that, on account of elevated ratios of nitrogen dioxide to nitrogen oxides, mean accumulation mode particles were 42 % lower with biodiesel. On the other hand, nuclei mode particles were higher with biodiesel, owing to heterogeneous nucleation and accounting for an increase in sulfate emissions up to 8 % with biodiesel as compared to diesel. On the average, trace metal emissions were significantly reduced showing 65-85.4 % reduction rates with biodiesel, relative to its counterpart. Further to this, individual congeners such as iron, calcium, and sodium were the predominant elements of the trace metals emitted from engine. The mean relative decrease in iron and calcium was 89-97.8 and 77.6-87 %, respectively, while the relative rise in sodium was in the range of 29-46 % with biodiesel. Further, elements such as zinc, chromium, and aluminum showed substantial abatement, whereas potassium, magnesium, and manganese exhibited irregular trends on account of variable engine loads and speeds during the various modes of cycle.

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Section: Emissions Of Accumulation Mode Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of biodiesel on particulate numbers and composition emitted from turbocharged diesel engine

Shah

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…PM emitted from diesel vehicles are mainly less than 2.5 μm in diameter, which might traverse deep into lungs and inflict more death damage than that of larger particles that are arrested in the upper respiratory tract removed by mucociliary action. In addition, air toxics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from diesel exhaust have been proved to link with the mutagenic or carcinogenic activity of adverse public health (Dorie et al, 1987;Collier et al, 1995). Traffic vehicles are important sources of PAHs (Mi et al, 2001;Chien et al, 2009;Shi et al, 2009;Shi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influences of Diesel Particulate Filter Installation on Air Pollutant Emissions for Used Vehicles

Tsai

Yang

Wang

et al. 2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Three kinds of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) were installed on used diesel-powered vehicles to investigate their influences on air pollutant emissions. The air pollutant emissions were measured before, after and running for specific distances to assess the deterioration effect. The emission measurement was performed on a chassis dynamometer. The results show that emissions of smoke, CO and HC are all reduced after DPF installation. After 20000 km driving, the emission concentrations of the above 3 criteria air pollutants do not increase in comparison with that right after installation. When DPFs are installed, the emissions of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are reduced by 85.6-89.4% and 69.0-89.2% for heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs) and light-duty diesel vehicles (LDVs), respectively. After driving 20000 km for HDVs and 2500 km for LDVs, PAH emissions do not increase in comparison with that right after installation, indicating that the DPFs do not deteriorate after driving for the test mileages. The lower molecular weight PAHs predominates in the exhaust both before and after DPF installation. The results also show the reduction rate is higher for higher molecular weight PAHs due to their tendency to adsorb on particulate.

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“…Recently, several studies have also investigated such the topic (Shah et al, 2005;De Kok et al, 2006;Ballesteros et al, 2009;Moldanová et al, 2009). Many studies have suggested the exhaust of pollutants from HDDE is directly related to some properties and indexes of diesel fuel, such as the cetane index, dynamic viscosity, density, distillation temperature at 90% (T90), total aromatic content, sulfur content, and operation parameters (Westerholm, 1994;Collier, 1995 et al;Sjögren et al, 1995;Hori et al, 1997;Yang et al, 1998;Mi et al, 2000). In other words, fuel properties and contents will dominate the emission of pollutants if a given type of HDDE is operated in controlled conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions from Using Viscous Agent-Treated Fishing Boat Fuel Oil: Tests with a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine (HDDE) Dynamometer

Hsieh

Lin

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In order to clamp down on the illegal use of fishing boat fuel A (FBFA) and to reduce exhaust emissions in Taiwan, the residue from a desulfurization unit (RDS) and pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) were added into FBFA with the ratio of 0.5% to form two new blended fuels (RDS0.5 and PFO0.5). The appearances of fuels from dark to light are RDS0.5, PFO0.5, and FBFA. The two new fuels have higher viscosity than FBFA, which may damage engines and reduce the misuse. The exhaust emissions of CO, HC, NO x , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and carcinogenic potencies (BaPeq) were analyzed by the heavy duty diesel engine (HDDE) transient cycle test. The results show that RDS0.5 has significantly lower particulate matter (PM) emissions, while the PM emissions of PFO0.5 are higher than those of FBFA. In addition, the total PAHs emissions concentration of all three of fishing boat fuels increase from premium (regular) diesel fuel. However, RDS0.5 has relatively lower BaPeq emissions, which are usually considered as carcinogens, than the other fishing boat fuel.

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Polycyclic aromatic compound profiles from a light-duty direct-injection diesel engine

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of biodiesel on particulate numbers and composition emitted from turbocharged diesel engine

Effect of biodiesel on particulate numbers and composition emitted from turbocharged diesel engine

The Influences of Diesel Particulate Filter Installation on Air Pollutant Emissions for Used Vehicles

Emissions from Using Viscous Agent-Treated Fishing Boat Fuel Oil: Tests with a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine (HDDE) Dynamometer

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