Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: determinants of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study

Abstract

BackgroundAssociations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and colorectal cancer have been reported previously but few studies have characterized PAH exposure using biological measurements. We evaluated colorectal cancer risk in relation to urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite, and assessed determinants of PAH exposure among controls in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SWHS).MethodsConcentrations of 1-OHPG were measured in spot urine samples collected from 343 colorectal cancer cases and 343 individually matched controls. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on demographic characteristics and reported exposures. Odds ratios were calculated for risk of colorectal cancer in relation to quartiles of urinary 1-OHPG concentration. Potential determinants of natural log-transformed urinary 1-OHPG concentration were evaluated among a combined sample of controls from this study and another nested case–control study in the SWHS (Ntotal=652).ResultsNo statistically significant differences in risk of colorectal cancer by urinary 1-OHPG levels were observed. Among controls, the median (interquartile range) urinary 1-OHPG concentration was 2.01 pmol/mL (0.95-4.09). Active and passive smoking, using coal as a cooking fuel, eating foods that were cooked well done, and recent consumption of fried dough (e.g., yóutiáo) were associated with elevated levels of 1-OHPG, though only active smoking and fried dough consumption achieved statistical significance in multivariate analyses.ConclusionsThis study does not provide evidence of an association between urinary levels of 1-OHPG and risk of colorectal cancer among women. Several environmental and dietary sources of PAH exposure were identified. Overall, the levels of 1-OHPG in this population of predominantly non-smoking women were considerably higher than levels typically observed among non-smokers in Europe, North America, and other developed regions.

Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lead co-exposure with child physical growth and development in an e-waste recycling town

“…Until now, most studies have focused on the distribution of PAHs in air, foods, human urine samples and umbilical cord blood (Tang et al, 2008;Reinik et al, 2007;Jung et al, 2012;Al-Saleh et al, 2013;Ciecierska and Obiedzinski, 2013;Hofmann et al, 2013). Considering possible health risks due to PAHs exposure among children, the present study determine its exposure in children by estimating blood levels of 16 PAHs.…”

Polymer‐coated Boron Doped Diamond Optically Transparent Electrodes for Spectroelectrochemical Sensors

“…This is attributed to the addition of another alcohol group, a product of the ECE mechanism [24]. The fluorescence spectrum shown in Figure 7B looks like that of dihydroxypyrene with two strong emission bands at 405 and 420 nm [24,56]. To modulate fluorescence, the CV potential can be scanned between + 400 and À100 mV using the nonfluorescing diquinonepyrene/fluorescing dihydroxypyrene reversible couple.…”

Preliminary Investigation into Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene as a Biomarker for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons exposure among Charcoal Workers in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria

“…During the period of production, workers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from incomplete combustion of wood and noxious smoke for several hours per day [6] . Human beings can be exposed to PAHs from several sources, including (i) coke and gasworks, (ii) heavy petroleum distillates, (iii) burning or pyrolysis of organic materials, and or (iv) consumption of grilled food or inhalation of polluted air [7] , [8] , [9] . Charcoal production might take between 6 days and 14 days depending on the season, wood types, and stack [4] .…”

“…PAHs are one of the major groups of carcinogens produced from the incomplete combustion of organic matter [8] , [9] . PAHs are known to trigger cancer in humans most especially in certain occupational settings and in cigarette smokers; therefore, International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified PAH exposure in these occupational settings as a Group 1 carcinogen [9] , [10] . Various biomarkers, including PAH-DNA adducts [11] , [12] and urinary metabolites of PAHs, have been used to assess human uptake and/or metabolic activation of PAHs [13] , [14] , [15] .…”

“…Several studies have reported on 1-OHP as a biomarker of different groups of exposed workers [9] , [17] , [18] , whereas studies on 1-OHP as an indicator of PAHs exposure among Nigeria workers are very scanty [19] and nonexisted for charcoal workers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of 1-OHP as an indicator for PAHs exposure of charcoal workers during pyrolysis and charcoal harvesting in Nigeria.…”