Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in medicinal plants from Syria

Krajian, H.; Odeh, Adnan

doi:10.1080/02772248.2013.840375

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Additional wavelength was set at 254 nm where all PAHs can be detected, but with less sensitivity and used for confirmation. Programs of gradient elution and wavelengths for fluorescence were described elsewhere (Krajian and Odeh 2013). The identifications of PAHs in olive oils were carried out by comparing their retention times with those of the standard PAHs.…”

Section: Hplc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Syrian olive oils and their likely daily intakes

Krajian

Odeh

2014

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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The levels of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 EPA PAHs) in Syrian olive oils have been determined. Forty-two samples including commercial extra virgin and virgin olive oils, and virgin olive oils from olive mills were analyzed. Only naphthalene (NAP) was detected in all olive oil samples under investigation. Among the studied 16 EPA PAHs, the highest maximum concentration was also observed for NAP (120 mg kg ¡1 ). Moreover, three samples exceeded the European Union (EU) maximum level of 2 mg kg ¡1 for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in oils and fats, and only one sample exceeded the EU maximum level of 10 mg kg ¡1 for the sum of benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, BaP, and benzo[b]fluoranthene (PAH4). The likely daily intakes of the total sum of 16 EPA PAHs, the sum of eight genotoxic PAHs, the sum of PAH4, the BaP, and the BaP equivalent through consumption of Syrian olive oils were estimated.

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Section: Hplc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Syrian olive oils and their likely daily intakes

Krajian

Odeh

2014

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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“…About 24.1% of the samples analyzed contained benzo(a)pyrene in quantities which were above maximum permissible limit (5 mg/kg) set by USEPA. Further, eight genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected during analysis of herbal drug products (Krajian and Odeh, 2013) which indicated high contamination with carcinogenic PAHs. There were some study reports which opined that herbal medicines usually contains PAHs and also showed the importance of evaluating the safety of herbal drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and Preliminary Estimation of Toxic Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Some Antimalarial Herbal Drugs in Southwest Nigeria

SA¹,

BE²,

Ajayi³

et al. 2018

Bull. Pharm. Res.

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The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in our environment, food and herbal drugs have been linked to many negative health impacts in human. This has elicited a growing interest in scientific investigation into qualitative and quantitative evaluation of PAHs in foods, drugs and environment herbal drugs. The aim of this study was to determine PAHs in some antimalarial herbal drugs sold in southwest Nigeria and to estimate their potential health risks. Five antimalarial herbal drugs found in local market in southwest Nigeria were purchased and used for this study. The PAHs in these herbal drugs samples were extracted using an ultrasonicator and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Daily exposure and cancer risk parameters of the PAHs were estimated. The sum of PAHs in the samples ranged from 26.38 in sample E to 33.54 mg/kg in sample D while an average sum of the PAHs in the five samples was 29.25 mg/kg. The percentage of carcinogenic PAHs in these herbal drugs ranged from 7.99% in sample D to 15.78% in sample C. The source diagnostic indices showed that the source of PAHs in all the five antimalarial herbal drugs were pyrogenic in nature. The cancer risk estimated for children, preteen and adult with body weight 19 kg, 48 kg and 65 kg using these herbal drugs ranged from 0.64 x 10-7 to 3.16 x 10-7. The estimated cancer risk values of the five herbal drugs are below the minimum (1 x 10-6) that can cause cancer which is as established by USEPA. This suggests that the use of any of the selected antimalarial herbal drugs may not cause cancer. However, overdose and bioaccumulation cases, calls for the need for analytical information on the profile of PAHs in the herbal drugs.

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“…Parsley from industrial areas of Germany contained high levels of phenanthrene (8.48–73.86 µg/kg fresh weight) and fluoranthene (2.07–14.26 µg/kg fresh weight) [ 36 ]. Krajian and Odeh [ 41 ] analyzed the content of 16 US EPA PAHs in ten medical plants from Syria and indicated that the highest contents of the examined PAHs were found in the sage plant sample. In turn, Ishizaki et al [ 42 ] examined PAH contents in tea and herb samples and showed that the mint herb contained a high content of phenanthrene (23.1 ng/g), pyrene (19.4 ng/g) and fluoranthene (22.5 ng/g).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Garden Herbal Plants Using Liquid Chromatographic Analysis (HPLC-FL)

Woźniak

Hoppe

Drzewiecka

2023

Plants

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemical compounds generated as a result of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels or wood. PAHs are known for their negative effect on living organisms, including teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. The objective of this study is to determine the contamination of three popular herbal species showing pro-health properties, i.e., lavender, parsley and mint, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, collected from three different backyard gardens in Poland. The concentration of PAHs in plant material was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL). The concentration of eleven PAHs in plant material was determined with high-pressure liquid chromatography after extraction using the QuEChERS purification technique. Mint collected within an area of a mining and energy production complex (the city of Konin) was characterized by the highest Σ of 11 PAHs, equaled to 902.35 µg/g FW, with anthracene being the most abundant compound. However, it contained the lowest sum of PAHs, among all tested plants, with high carcinogenicity. Parsley from the city of Poznań showed the highest content of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), showing the strongest carcinogenicity, while the highest value of BaP equivalent was calculated for mint collected in Konin. The obtained results suggest that the level and profile of plant contamination with PAHs depend on the species and the location of herb cultivation. In particular, mining and energy industry facilities are sources of PAHs, which contaminate plant material for further direct use or as bioactive herbal extracts.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in medicinal plants from Syria

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Syrian olive oils and their likely daily intakes

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Syrian olive oils and their likely daily intakes

Quantification and Preliminary Estimation of Toxic Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Some Antimalarial Herbal Drugs in Southwest Nigeria

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Garden Herbal Plants Using Liquid Chromatographic Analysis (HPLC-FL)

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