Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Estrogenic Compounds in Experimental Flue Gas Streams

Abstract

ABSTRACTtrium, thyroid, testes, and prostate as well as a variety of abnormal physiological and morphological effects inThe importance of combustion processes as a source of substances higher life forms (Arnold et al., 1996; Gillesby and with estrogenic activity in the environment was investigated. Wood (nontreated and treated with wood preservatives), barbecue charcoal, Zacharewski, 1998; Guillette et al., 1994 Guillette et al., , 1996 McLach-meat, and kitchen waste were combusted in a laboratory-scale inciner- lan et al., 1982). Katzenellenbogen, 1995).concentrations of EE2 equivalent in the flue gas samples were at leastPrincipally, it can be observed that most natural estroa factor of 1000 lower than total PAH concentration. The EE2 levels genic compounds posses a structural motif consisting ofwere not related to the concentration of PAHs in any flue gas sample.at least two PAH rings. As such, it was of interest to investigate whether the presence of estrogenic compounds in flue gas streams was related to the 16 PAHs

Effects of heat sources on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in selected fish samples from Ogidingbe (Escravos Estuaries)

“…0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 Benzo(k)fluoranthrene 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Benzo(a)pyrene 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 Indeno(1,2,3) perylene 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Benzo(g,h,i) perylene 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Total PAH (mg/kg) 0 al., (2004) and Garcia-Falcon and Simal-Gandara (2005), the PAH levels in smoke depend on heat source temperature, flame intensity in flame combustion, and particulate material generated during combustion. The combustion temperature during the generation of smoke seems particularly critical and PAHs are formed during incomplete combustion processes (Muthumbi et al, 2003). According to Zohair (2006), if phenathrene to anthracene ratio is less than 10, combustion is a major source of the PAHs contamination, but if greater than 10 pA Time (min) Figure 6.…”

Modulation of biochemical stress initiated by toxicants in diet prepared with fish smoked with polyethylene (plastic) materials as fuel source

“…In this study, the fishes were roasted employing traditional roasting methods with firewood and polyethylene material as the sources of fuel, except for the fresh fish samples. The levels of PAHs in smoke depends on heat sources, temperature, flame intensity, particulate materials generated during combustion, etc (Muthumbi et al, 2003;Rey-Salgueiro et al, 2004).…”

Aryl hydrocarbon bioaccessibility to small mammals from arctic plants using in vitro techniques

“…The β‐galactosidase intensity was quantified by comparing unknown sample responses with those of a reference Ah response for the potent AhR‐ligand benzo[ a ]pyrene (B a P). The dose‐response curve ( n = 7) for a B a P in the Ah assay was determined following the procedure used by Muthumbi et al [19] for the estrogen‐receptor assay (data not shown). Unknown samples were first corrected for background Ah yeast β‐galactosidase activity observed in the controls using Equation 1: where x equals the absorbance of the unknown sample and blank refers to the average absorbance readings for the two rows with no added chemical (yeast only).…”

“…Unknown samples were first corrected for background Ah yeast β‐galactosidase activity observed in the controls using Equation 1: where x equals the absorbance of the unknown sample and blank refers to the average absorbance readings for the two rows with no added chemical (yeast only). Next, the dose‐response curve was generated in a fashion similar to that of the standard curve using the Marquardt‐Levenberg algorithm (SigmaPlot 8.0; Systat, San Jose, CA, USA) [19]. The B a P equivalents of Ah in the unknown sample were determined by solving Equation 2: where x is the maximum absorbance of the unknown sample (determined using the Marquardt‐Levenberg algorithm), y is the maximum absorbance of the standard curve, and MaxSpike is the concentration of the standard producing the maximum absorbance.…”