Polycystic ovary syndrome

Joham, Anju E.; Norman, Robert J.; Stener‐Victorin, Elisabet; Legro, Richard S.; Franks, Stephen; Moran, Lisa; Boyle, Jacqueline; Teede, Helena

doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00163-2

Cited by 328 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Its pathogenesis, including heredity, epigenetic mechanisms, environment, living habits and diet, is complex. During the prenatal period, not only genetic and epigenetic factors but also an excess amount of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and androgen, growth restriction and endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), predispose women to the development of a PCOS-like phenotype in adulthood [ 93 ]. Androgen excess, one of the disease-characterizing conditions, is suggested to play a prominent role in the development of metabolic disorders affecting different types of tissues, such as adipose tissues, the liver, pancreas, muscle and brain [ 94 ].…”

Section: Polycystic Ovary Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis

Schüler-Toprak¹,

Ortmann²,

Buechler³

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequent diseases of the female reproductive tract causing high morbidity as they can significantly affect fertility and quality of life. Adipokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules secreted by white or brown adipose tissues with a central role in energy metabolism. More recently, their involvement in PCOS and endometriosis has been demonstrated. In this review article, we provide an update on the role of adipokines in both diseases and summarize previous findings. We also address the results of multi-omics approaches in adipokine research to examine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for adipokines and their receptors, the secretome of adipocytes and to identify epigenetic alterations of adipokine genes that might be conferred from mother to child. Finally, we address novel data on the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which seems to have notable effects on PCOS. For this review, original research articles on adipokine actions in PCOS and endometriosis are considered, which are listed in the PubMed database.

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Section: Polycystic Ovary Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis

Schüler-Toprak¹,

Ortmann²,

Buechler³

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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show abstract

“…Insulin resistance is a fundamental pathological change in a number of metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome [ 39 ], polycystic ovary syndrome [ 40 ], nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [ 41 ], and T2DM [ 42 ]. Clinical studies have demonstrated the link between insulin resistance and T2DM, and insulin-sensitizing managements such as dietary control and exercises are proved effective in dealing with metabolic disorders [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zishen Pill alleviates diabetes in Db/db mice via activation of PI3K/AKT pathway in the liver

Sun

Guo

et al. 2022

Chin Med

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Background The rising global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) highlights a need for new therapies. The Zishen Pill (ZSP) is a traditional Chinese herbal decoction that has previously shown hypoglycemic effects in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, although the therapeutic mechanism remains unknown. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of ZSP’s hypoglycemic effects using db/db mice. Methods Db/db mice were divided into two groups: model group and ZSP group, while wt/wt mice were used as a normal control. ZSP was given to mice by gavage for 40 days. During treatment, blood glucose level and body weight were monitored continuously. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at day 35. Blood and tissue samples were collected at the end of treatment for further analyses. Mice liver samples were analyzed with mRNA transcriptomics using functional annotation and pathway enrichment to identify potential mechanisms that were then explored with qPCR and Western Blot techniques. Results ZSP treatment significantly reduced weight gain and glycemic severity in db/db mice. ZSP also partially restored the glucose homeostasis in db/db mice and increased the hepatic glycogen content. Transcriptomic analyses showed ZSP increased expression of genes involved in glycolysis including Hk2, Hk3, Gck and Pfkb1, and decreased expression of G6pase. Additionally, the gene and protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, and Csf1 and Flt3 mRNA expression were significantly upregulated in ZSP group. Conclusion ZSP treatment reduced the severity of diabetic symptoms in db/db mice. ZSP increased expression of genes associated with glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, and decreased gluconeogenesis via the enhancement of the PI3K/AKT signaling in the liver.

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“…Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong reproductive, metabolic, and psychiatric disorder that affects 5-18% of women (1). For a disease to be diagnosed as PCOS, any two of the following symptoms must be present: clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, and/or polycystic ovaries, excluding other endocrine diseases according to the Rotterdam criteria (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttranslational modifications in pathogenesis of PCOS

et al. 2022

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong reproductive, metabolic, and psychiatric disorder that affects 5-18% of women, which is associated with a significantly increased lifetime risk of concomitant diseases, including type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disorders, and gynecological cancers. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in changes in protein function and are necessary to maintain cellular viability and biological processes, thus their maladjustment can lead to disease. Growing evidence suggests the association between PCOS and posttranslational modifications. This article mainly reviews the research status of phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, as well as their roles and molecular mechanisms in the development of PCOS. In addition, we briefly summarize research and clinical trials of PCOS therapy to advance our understanding of agents that can be used to target phosphorylated, methylated, acetylated, and ubiquitinated PTM types. It provides not only ideas for future research on the mechanism of PCOS but also ideas for PCOS treatments with therapeutic potential.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome

Cited by 328 publications

References 104 publications

The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis

The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis

Zishen Pill alleviates diabetes in Db/db mice via activation of PI3K/AKT pathway in the liver

Posttranslational modifications in pathogenesis of PCOS

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