Polydeoxyribonucleotide reduces cytokine production and the severity of collagen‐induced arthritis by stimulation of adenosine A_2A receptor

Effectiveness of polydeoxyribonucleotide injection versus normal saline injection for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis: a prospective randomised clinical trial

“…This implies that repetitive micro-trauma triggers inflammation and micro-tears; however, interruption in the healing process due to poor circulation leads to degenerative changes in connective tissue [17]. We hypothesised that two main pharmacological effects of PDRN, which are the stimulation of VEGF and a decrease in inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, could result in the treatment effect on plantar fasciitis [9][10][11]. VEGF is a growth factor that promotes the healing process by induction of angiogenesis in areas with poor circulation such as the diabetic foot; therefore, this could also be helpful to promote the healing process in the degenerated tissue which also involves poor circulation.…”

“…PDRN stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by activating the A 2A receptor [10], and VEGF is the most effective and selective angiogenic factor that can stimulate new vessel formation and collagen synthesis [9,10]. PDRN also has an antiinflammatory effect through activating the A 2A receptor by decreasing inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [11].…”

Preparation of a novel composite nanofiber gel-encapsulated human placental extract through layer-by-layer self-assembly

“…Another study suggested that HPE exerts an anti-inflammatory function that suppresses chemical mediators, and that these effects may be associated with innate immune functions (36). Furthermore, previous studies indicated that oligomeric DNA nucleotides, such as polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), are linear DNA nucleotide polymers from HPE with a length range of 50-2,000 bp (37,38). PDRN can efficiently activate adenosine A2A receptors, without being degraded into small fragments, thus preventing the activation of other adenosine receptors (39,40).…”

Regulation of bone and cartilage by adenosine signaling

“…•Not expressed [93] •Reduces levels of inflammatory cytokines and joint destruction in collagen-induced arthritis [94,95] •Role not well understood •Not expressed [93] •Agonist may prevent bone and cartilage erosion in RA [96] modulate synovial inflammation, which is supported by the observation that extracellular adenosine has immediate anti-inflammatory benefits including reduction of PGE2 and NO release [93].…”