Polydopamine, harness of the antibacterial potentials-A review

Functionalization of 3D Printed Scaffolds Using Polydopamine and Silver Nanoparticles for Bone-Interfacing Applications

“…Different from previously reported results, − no inherent antibacterial activity was found for PDA-coated samples, either for the planktonic state or for biofilm formation, suggesting that the PDA layer does not necessarily hold any intrinsic antibacterial activity. It has been hypothesized that the bactericidal characteristics of such coatings are connected to their surface roughness, which in turn is correlated to the preparation method: static incubation with dopamine hydrochloride solutions, like the one used in this research, generally results in more homogeneous coatings with no antibacterial activity, while incubation under dynamic stirring can lead to increased surface roughness that results in contact-active antibacterial activity …”

Scaffolds in the microbial resistant era: Fabrication, materials, properties and tissue engineering applications

“…The intrinsic antimicrobial activity of dopamine is due to its ability to effectively eradicate bacteria, microbes, plankton, or biofilm and it has been used to produce antimicrobial scaffolds [ 429 , 430 ]. Small molecules of catechol and proteins of amine in the presence of alkaline condition (aqueous) and oxygen allow dopamine to undergo polymerization to form a thin adherent PDA film, which prevents the attachment and growth of bacteria by taking over the bacteria's nutrient supply [ 431 ]. In most cases, this antibacterial activity has been attributed to the benzene ring of the dopamine molecule and the formation of local toxic effects by active groups formed on the outer membrane of the bacteria cell, which affect the permeability of the cell membrane by obstructing the components required for the bacteria to survive.…”

Photodynamic and photothermal therapies for bacterial infection treatment

“…Bacteria is the source of numerous infectious diseases and is thus detrimental to human health [8] . Infectious bacterial diseases can be partially treated by antibiotics although the unsupervised and rampant use of antibiotics have resulted in the emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria, which has drastically diminished the potency of antibiotics [9] . According to a recent report, 15% of COVID‐19 patients suffer from secondary bacterial infections, indicating that patients with weak immune systems are at risk of developing secondary bacterial infections [10]…”