Polyelectrolyte flocculation of grain stillage for improved clarification and water recovery within bioethanol production facilities

Menkhaus, Todd J.; Anderson, Jason; Lane, Samuel; Waddell, E.L.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.017

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Flocculants are widely used in wastewater treatment, drinking water treatment, and industrial downstream processing (Menkhaus et al, 2010;Qiu et al, 2009;Wei et al, 2009). They can be classified into three groups, namely, inorganic coagulants such as hydrolysing aluminium and iron salts, and their pre-hydrolysed forms; synthetic organic flocculants such as polyacrylamide derivatives and polyethyleneamine; and naturally occurring bioflocculants such as sodium alginate and microbial flocculants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flocculating performances of exopolysaccharides produced by a halophilic bacterial strain cultivated on agro-industrial waste

Sam

Küçükaşik

Yenigün

et al. 2011

Bioresource Technology

104

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flocculating performances of exopolysaccharides produced by a halophilic bacterial strain cultivated on agro-industrial waste

Sam

Küçükaşik

Yenigün

et al. 2011

Bioresource Technology

104

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“…Membrane adsorption is an alternative to packed bed ion exchange that reduces pressure drop and internal diffusion limitations; however, this can be economically challenging due to the high cost and low durability of many membranes. As a more elegant option, if adsorption could be accomplished simultaneously with an existing operation, such as removal of solids with a soluble polymeric flocculant (Burke et al, 2011; Menkhaus et al, 2010), the overall process may become easier and more economical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal and recovery of furfural, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, and acetic acid from aqueous solutions using a soluble polyelectrolyte

Carter

Gilcrease

Menkhaus

2011

Biotech & Bioengineering

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In the cellulosic ethanol process, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and acetic acid are formed during the high temperature acidic pretreatment step needed to convert biomass into fermentable sugars. These compounds can inhibit cellulase enzymes and fermentation organisms at relatively low concentrations (≥ 1 g/L). Effective removal of these inhibitory compounds would allow the use of more severe pretreatment conditions to improve sugar yields and lead to more efficient fermentations; if recovered and purified, they could also be sold as valuable by-products. This study investigated the separation of aldhehydes (furfural and HMF) and organic acid (acetic acid) inhibitory compounds from simple aqueous solutions by using polyethyleneimene (PEI), a soluble cationic polyelectrolyte. PEI added to simple solutions of each inhibitor at a ratio of 1 mol of functional group to 1 mol inhibitor removed up to 89.1, 58.6, and 81.5 wt% of acetic acid, HMF, and furfural, respectively. Furfural and HMF were recovered after removal by washing the polyelectrolyte/inhibitor complex with dilute sulfuric acid solution. Recoveries up to 81.0 and 97.0 wt% were achieved for furfural and HMF, respectively. The interaction between PEI and acetic acid was easily disrupted by the addition of chloride ions, sulfate ions, or hydroxide ions. The use of soluble polymers for the removal and recovery of inhibitory compounds from biomass slurries is a promising approach to enhance the efficiency and economics of an envisioned biorefinery.

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“…Menkhaus et al () studied methods to clarify corn‐based stillage and recover water from bioethanol production. Polyelectrolytes (A‐1883, A‐130, A‐140, C‐1592, C‐4512, C‐4516, and N‐1986 obtained from Kemira North America [Mobile, AL, USA]) were used.…”

Section: Clarifying Tsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particle removal is often an essential initial process to limit equipment fouling while enabling mass and heat transfer during compound recovery and extraction processes. Several strategies can be used to clarify G‐TS, including centrifugation (Kelsall & Piggot, ; LoCascio & Dunbar, ), clarifying agents (Castellari, Versari, Fabiani, Parpinello, & Galassi, ; Menkhaus, Anderson, Lane, & Waddell, ; Scheimann, ), dissolved air flotation (DAF) (Chadwick & Schroeder, ; Van Leeuwen, Khanal, & Pometto, ), anoxic gas flotation (AGF) (Burke, , ), filtration (Arora et al, , ), and size exclusion (Kalbfuss, Wolff, Morenweiser, & Reichl, ; Zheng & Yu, ). Ideally, preparation of a particle‐free solution could aid in recovery and extraction of valuable compounds from the complex mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Thin Stillage Protein Utilization: A Review

Ratanapariyanuch

Shim

Wiens

et al. 2018

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Ethanol production from grains produces wet grain and thin stillage (TS) as major coproducts. The grain fuel ethanol industry is massive, producing 58 billion L per year in the USA alone, and TS production is four to five times this volume. In short, through its coproducts TS and distiller's grains, the ethanol industry is a major supplier of inexpensive protein. However, obtaining this protein can be costly. In spite of its high water content, TS is typically concentrated by evaporation and then sold as distiller's solubles, or combined with wet grain and dried for use as an animal feed ingredient called "distillers' dried grains with solubles". The processes used for protein concentration and TS clarification are reviewed, including the addition of clarifying agents, centrifugation, dissolved air and anoxic gas flotation, filtration, size exclusion, and biorefinery processes. Biorefinery processes are being developed that will lower the energy inputs required for evaporation while greatly improving protein concentration. The protein concentrates could potentially be used in higher-quality animal feed or even in food products. Keywords Thin stillage Á Biorefinery Á Protein concentrate Á Distillers' dried grains with solubles J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 933-942. Abbreviations 1,3-PD 1,3-propanediol AGF anoxic gas flotation CP Crude protein DAF dissolved air flotation db dry basis DDG distillers' dried grain DDGS distillers' dried grains with solubles EPS exopolysaccharide GPC glycerylphosphorylcholine G-TS grain-based thin stillage RO reverse osmosis TS thin stillage TSF two-stage fermentation W-DS wheat-based distillers' solubles W-DWG wheat-based distillers' wet grains * Youn Young Shim J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 933-942

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Polyelectrolyte flocculation of grain stillage for improved clarification and water recovery within bioethanol production facilities

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Flocculating performances of exopolysaccharides produced by a halophilic bacterial strain cultivated on agro-industrial waste

Flocculating performances of exopolysaccharides produced by a halophilic bacterial strain cultivated on agro-industrial waste

Removal and recovery of furfural, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, and acetic acid from aqueous solutions using a soluble polyelectrolyte

Grain Thin Stillage Protein Utilization: A Review

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