Polyelectrolytes. I. Picrates of 4‐vinylpyridine‐styrene copolymers

Fuoss, Raymond M.; Cathers, G.I.

doi:10.1002/pol.1947.120020103

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…, 3) by extrapolation of a plot of a reciprocal reduced viscosity versus square root of polymer concentration to a zero concentration (Figure 4(d)). 41,42

\frac{η_{italicsp}}{c} = \frac{[normalη]}{1 + B \sqrt{c}} .

\frac{c}{{normalη}_{italicsp}} = \frac{1 + B \sqrt c}{[normalη]} = \frac{1}{[η]} + \frac{B \sqrt c}{[η]} .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of stimuli‐responsive ionic cyclopolymers in search of phosphorous‐free antiscalants

Yaagoob

Aldahdooh

Ali

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ammonium persulfate‐initiated cyclopolymerization of maleic acid (HO2CC=CCO2H) (MA) with diallylamine (–NR2, R = CH2 = CH‐CH2) derivatives (DADs): R2NH+CH2CO2− (I), R2NCH2CO2−Na+ (II), R2NCH2CO2Et (III), R2NH+(CH2)3CO2− (IV), R2N(CH2)3CO2Et (V), R2NH+(CH2)3SO3− (VI) and R2N(CH2)3SO3−Na+ (VII) gave a series of new pH‐responsive alternate copolymers: –[(DAD‐alt‐MA)]n– VIII‐XIV, respectively. Homopolymers XV and XVI of the corresponding monomers IV and V·HCl were also synthesized. The evaluation of the synthesized polymers as potential antiscalants in reverse osmosis (RO) plants was examined. An effective scale inhibitor must arrest the formation of scale for a residence time (≈15 min) of feed water in the RO chamber. R2NH+(CH2)3CO2− (IV)‐alt‐MA copolymer XI at a concentration of 5 ppm imparted 99% scale inhibition for 360 min, while at 2.5 and 1 ppm concentrations, the CaSO4 scale inhibitions were found to be 99% and ≈ 100% during 120 and 20 min, respectively, at 40°C. Homopolymers XV and XVI, at a 20‐ppm concentration, demonstrated ≈ 95% efficiency in inhibiting mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl. In some important oilfield applications, requirement of simultaneous scale and corrosion inhibition make these polymers potential candidates for desalination and oilfield applications.

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“…, 3) by extrapolation of a plot of a reciprocal reduced viscosity versus square root of polymer concentration to a zero concentration (Figure 4(d)). 41,42

\frac{η_{italicsp}}{c} = \frac{[normalη]}{1 + B \sqrt{c}} .

\frac{c}{{normalη}_{italicsp}} = \frac{1 + B \sqrt c}{[normalη]} = \frac{1}{[η]} + \frac{B \sqrt c}{[η]} .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of stimuli‐responsive ionic cyclopolymers in search of phosphorous‐free antiscalants

Yaagoob

Aldahdooh

Ali

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The viscosity parameters of certain solutions exhibiting polyelectrolyte behavior can be correlated linearly with appropriate concentration functions through empitical relations [ 13,141 , the simplest of which is that employed by Fuoss and Cathers [ 131 : Such plots are shown in Fig. 2 .…”

Section: Polymer Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friedel-Crafts Polymers. 10. Polycondensation of 4-4'-Dichloromethlydiphenyl Ether with Phenol and Isomeric Cresols

Amin

Patel

1987

J. of Macromolecular Sc., Part A

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Friedel-Crafts polycondensations of 4,4'-dichloromethyldiphenyl ether (DDE) with phenol and isomeric cresols were carried out under different experimental conditions. The molecular weight of the polymer products was estimated by end group analysis, that of soluble products by VPO, and they were characterized by TGA and solution viscosity. DMF solutions of samples prepared from phenol and p-and m-cresols, but not those from o-cresol, showed abnormal viscosity behavior. However, the viscosity behavior of DMF-water solutions was normal. Abnormal viscisoty data of DMF solutions were correlated by an empirical relation. Curing of one fusible and soluble DDE-phenol polymer sample with hexamine was studied by measuring the percentage of cured material as a function of time at selected temperatures.

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“…When an aqueous polyelectrolyte solution is analyzed, it is the general procedure to analyze the viscosity data using the empirical Fuoss equation [5]:…”

Section: Peo/lic104 In Chloroformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Fuoss ef al. [5], an increase in the B value is considered to reflect stronger electrostatic repulsion. PEO chains containing LiClO., shrank more in chloroform than in the chloroform/DMF mixed solvent system (cf.…”

Section: Peoiliclo In Chloroform/dmf Mixed Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyelectrolyte‐like behavior of polyethylene oxide/LiClO₄ mixture in chloroform or chloroform/dimethylformamide mixed solvent

Ohno

Ito

Yamaguchi

1991

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) was dissolved in dehydrated chloroform with polyethylene oxides (PEO) having different molecular weights. The mixing ratio of ether oxygen unit (O) of PEO to cation (Li+) was set to 20:1. The solution viscosity of the PEO/LiClO4 mixtures was measured using an Ubbelohde viscometer at 30.0°C. The concentration dependence of the reduced viscosity was analyzed by diluting the initial PEO/LiClO4 mixed solution with pure chloroform to keep the ratio of Oto Li+ constant. The increase in the reduced viscosity for a dilute solution was found in every mixture system, but not in the PEO solution without salt. Similar experiments were also carried out in chloroform/dimethylformamide (DMF) mixed solvent (4:1 by volume). These results were analyzed using the Fuoss equation, which was applied for the analysis of a polyelectrolyte aqueous solution. Linear relations are depicted in the Fuoss plots, suggesting that the PEO/LiClO4 mixture shows polyelectrolyte‐like behavior in chloroform or in chloroform/DMF mixed solvent. This is attributed to the intramolecular electrostatic repulsion of lithium cations which are trapped by the PEO chains through ion–dipole interaction.

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Polyelectrolytes. I. Picrates of 4‐vinylpyridine‐styrene copolymers

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Synthesis of stimuli‐responsive ionic cyclopolymers in search of phosphorous‐free antiscalants

Synthesis of stimuli‐responsive ionic cyclopolymers in search of phosphorous‐free antiscalants

Friedel-Crafts Polymers. 10. Polycondensation of 4-4'-Dichloromethlydiphenyl Ether with Phenol and Isomeric Cresols

Polyelectrolyte‐like behavior of polyethylene oxide/LiClO₄ mixture in chloroform or chloroform/dimethylformamide mixed solvent

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Polyelectrolytes. I. Picrates of 4‐vinylpyridine‐styrene copolymers

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Synthesis of stimuli‐responsive ionic cyclopolymers in search of phosphorous‐free antiscalants

Synthesis of stimuli‐responsive ionic cyclopolymers in search of phosphorous‐free antiscalants

Friedel-Crafts Polymers. 10. Polycondensation of 4-4'-Dichloromethlydiphenyl Ether with Phenol and Isomeric Cresols

Polyelectrolyte‐like behavior of polyethylene oxide/LiClO4 mixture in chloroform or chloroform/dimethylformamide mixed solvent

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Polyelectrolyte‐like behavior of polyethylene oxide/LiClO₄ mixture in chloroform or chloroform/dimethylformamide mixed solvent