Polyethylene grafted silica nanoparticles via surface-initiated polyhomologation: A novel filler for polyolefin nanocomposite

Alghamdi, Reem D.; Yudhanto, Arief; Lubineau, Gilles; Abou‐Hamad, Edy; Hadjichristidis, N.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125029

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Figure shows the weight loss of PS-grafted silica NPs over the temperature. After hydrolysis/condensation reactions, the PS@SiO 2 NPs curve consists of two distinct stages: (i) the first stage occurs before 170 °C, which is caused by water evaporation or decomposition of small molecules trapped on the surface of SiO 2 NPs and (ii) the second stage occurs approximately at 250 °C, where the degradation of PS was followed. It is important to note that the residual weight strongly depends on the PS-TEOS:TEOS ratio.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various controlled/living polymerization techniques have been used to graft a polymer onto the surface of NPs, such as atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide-mediated polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, ring-opening metathesis polymerization, anionic polymerization, polyhomologation, and cationic polymerization . A few examples are as follows: SiO 2 NPs have been used to reinforce poly(methyl methacrylate), PS, polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylic-based polyurethane, and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) among other polymers. PS is one of the most widely used thermoplastic matrices for producing nanocomposites with SiO 2 NPs (PS/SiO 2 ). ,, It has been reported that SiO 2 NPs (optimum content) improve the tensile modulus and yield stress of PS nanocomposites, but reduce the elongation at break .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 In this regard, the choice of the synthetic method depends on numerous parameters, including the nature of the polymer, polymerization medium (bulk, aqueous, or organic solution), and amount of grafted particles required for different applications. 3 Various controlled/living polymerization techniques have been used to graft a polymer onto the surface of NPs, such as atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxidemediated polymerization, 40 reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, 31 ring-opening metathesis polymerization, 41 anionic polymerization, 37 polyhomologation, 38 and cationic polymerization. 42 A few examples are as follows: SiO 2 NPs have been used to reinforce poly(methyl methacrylate), 10 PS, 43 polypropylene, 28 polyethylene, 38 acrylic-based polyurethane, 5 and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) 44 among other polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the in situ sol–gel approach, two main strategies have been used to covalently graft a polymer onto the surface of NPs: grafting-from and grafting-to. The grafting-from method is also referred to as surface-initiated polymerization because polymer chains grow from a surface-anchored initiator. − In the grafting-to strategy, end-functionalized polymer chains are coupled directly to the functionalized surface …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Formation of Silica Nanoparticles Decorated with Well-Defined Homopolymers and Block Copolymers

Aldakheel

Ντέτσικας

Yudhanto

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Grafting non-polar polymer chains on the surface of polar nanoparticles (e.g., silica) is an effective way to enhance particle/matrix interactions and thus promote their homogeneous dispersion within a non-polar matrix, which leads to improved mechanical properties. Current grafting methods have not yet produced nanoparticles with well-defined polymers on the surface and high grafting density. Here, we employed anionic polymerization high vacuum techniques to synthesize ω-triethoxysilyl polystyrene (PS-TEOS) and PS-b-PI macromonomers followed by hydrolysis/condensation of macromonomers, leading to the in situ formation of grafted (grafting through) silica nanoparticles with either PS or polystyrene-b-polyisoprene (PS-b-PI) chains. The molecular characteristics of the precursors PS-TEOS and PS-b-PI-TEOS were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. The formation of PS (PS@SiO 2 NPs) and PS-b-PI (PS-b-PI@SiO 2 NPs) nanoparticles was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 29 Si solid-state NMR, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic light scattering. Blends of PS@SiO 2 with commercially available PS and PS-b-PI@SiO 2 with anionically synthesized thermoplastic elastomer (PS-b-PI-b-PS) were obtained either in melt by extrusion or in solution by evaporation. The role of polymer@SiO 2 on the mechanical properties and morphological features of the matrices was examined by tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy. The proposed general method controls the molecular weight, chemical composition, particle size, and grafting density of nanoparticles and effectively improves the mechanical characteristics of the two families of PS-based nanocomposites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Formation of Silica Nanoparticles Decorated with Well-Defined Homopolymers and Block Copolymers

Aldakheel

Ντέτσικας

Yudhanto

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…However, the preparation of PE-grafted nanoparticles is difficult because of the lack of active chemical groups in PE chains. Currently, there are only a few works on preparing PE-grafted nanoparticles by the “grafting to” − or “grafting from” − methods. In most cases, the PE-grafted nanoparticles can be well dispersed in PE matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Miscibility between Grafted and Matrix Chains on the Dispersion and Crystallization of Polyethylene-Grafted Silica Nanocomposites

Li,

Ju,

Liu

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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The properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) greatly depend on the dispersion of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. In this work, linear high-density polyethylene grafted with SiO2 nanoparticles (HDPE1289-g-SiO2, where 1289 indicates the weight-average molar mass of the grafted polyethylene) was synthesized via the “grafting to” method and added to PE matrices with three different molecular weights and branching degrees (LDPE4k, LDPE34k, and HDPE67k) by a solution blending method. The dispersion and crystallization behaviors of PE/HDPE1289-g-SiO2 PNCs were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM). In a low-density polyethylene (LDPE4k) matrix with a small ratio of matrix-to-grafted chain length (P/N), HDPE1289-g-SiO2 nanoparticles are better dispersed when compared with unmodified SiO2, a result related to the low P/N (entropic effect). With the increase of the molecular weight of the matrix (LDPE34k) with high P/N, both the HDPE1289-g-SiO2 and unmodified SiO2 nanoparticles have a poor dispersion with nanoparticles’ aggregates in the matrix and similar nucleation effects on the matrix. In the above two systems, we used the P/N parameter commonly used for linear systems as an approximation because the 13C NMR results showed that LDPE4k and LDPE34k contain only butyl and longer branches (≥6C). Interestingly, in the high-density polyethylene (HDPE67k) matrix with high P/N, HDPE1289-g-SiO2 nanoparticles are better dispersed than unmodified SiO2 due to the miscibility between the grafted and matrix polyethylene (enthalpic effect). For the HDPE67k matrix, HDPE1289-g-SiO2 nanoparticles exhibit a supernucleation effect on HDPE, with the nucleation efficiency higher than 100% due to their good dispersion. Our results show that for the PE/HDPE1289-g-SiO2 PNCs, the lower the P/N or the more similar the chain structure of the grafted and matrix polymer is, the better the dispersion of HDPE1289-g-SiO2 nanoparticles, thus improving their nucleation ability.

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Reprocessable Cross-Linked EVA/Silica Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical Properties via One-Step and Scalable Reactive Blending

Nong,

Li,

Zhang

2024

J Polym Environ

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Polyethylene grafted silica nanoparticles via surface-initiated polyhomologation: A novel filler for polyolefin nanocomposite

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

In Situ Formation of Silica Nanoparticles Decorated with Well-Defined Homopolymers and Block Copolymers

In Situ Formation of Silica Nanoparticles Decorated with Well-Defined Homopolymers and Block Copolymers

Effect of the Miscibility between Grafted and Matrix Chains on the Dispersion and Crystallization of Polyethylene-Grafted Silica Nanocomposites

Reprocessable Cross-Linked EVA/Silica Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical Properties via One-Step and Scalable Reactive Blending

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