Polygalacturonases: Many Genes in Search of a Function1

Hadfield, Kristen A.; Bennett, A. B.

doi:10.1104/pp.117.2.337

Cited by 368 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…5). Clade B is composed of cloned genes that encode PG expressed in fruit and dehiscence zone, as previously characterized by HadWeld and Bennett (1998). This was also observed in the phylogenetic tree.…”

Section: Orf4 Sequence Analysissupporting

confidence: 57%

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ps-2, the gene responsible for functional sterility in tomato, due to non-dehiscent anthers, is the result of a mutation in a novel polygalacturonase gene

et al. 2009

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The recessive mutation ps-2, which appeared spontaneously in tomato, confers functional male sterility due to non-dehiscent anthers. In this study, we isolated and characterized the PS-2 gene. A single nucleotide mutation in a novel tomato polygalacturonase gene is responsible for the ps-2 phenotype. The mutation in ps-2 is responsible for an alternative splicing during maturation of the pre-mRNA, which leads to an aberrant mRNA. DiVerentiation between ps-2 and wild type (PS-2) anthers only appears in the Wnal developmental stage in which the stomium remains closed in the mutant. To our knowledge, this is the Wrst functional sterility gene isolated in the Solanaceae family. The speciWc expression of the Arabidopsis homolog of PS-2 in the anther dehiscence zone suggests a conserved mode of action over the plant kingdom, which means that the repression of PS-2 homologs may be a potential way to introduce functional sterility in other species.

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Section: Orf4 Sequence Analysissupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The phylogenetic analysis of PS-2 amino acids sequence revealed a close similarity with PGs of clade B as deWned by HadWeld and Bennett (1998). Color code is only eVective for the comparison between TFPG and ORF4: In reverse color are the identical amino acids.…”

Section: Ps-2 Is a Pg Of Clade Bmentioning

confidence: 94%

ps-2, the gene responsible for functional sterility in tomato, due to non-dehiscent anthers, is the result of a mutation in a novel polygalacturonase gene

et al. 2009

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“…PG and Exp are thought to target structurally independent CW polymer systems; i.e., the wall's pectin and Cel-Hem networks (13,36). Fruit softening requires the combined actions of PG and Exp for loosening the wall fabric, a process that is likely to reflect changes in intra-and interpolymer bonding that render the networks weaker and less well associated with one another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Cantu

Vicente²,

Greve³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

268

209

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Fruit ripening is characterized by processes that modify texture and flavor but also by a dramatic increase in susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea. Disassembly of the major structural polysaccharides of the cell wall (CW) is a significant process associated with ripening and contributes to fruit softening. In tomato, polygalacturonase (PG) and expansin (Exp) are among the CW proteins that cooperatively participate in ripening-associated CW disassembly. To determine whether endogenous CW disassembly influences the ripening-regulated increase in necrotropic pathogen susceptibility, B. cinerea susceptibility was assessed in transgenic fruit with suppressed polygalacturonase (LePG) and expansin (LeExp1) expression. Suppression of either LePG or LeExp1 alone did not reduce susceptibility but simultaneous suppression of both dramatically reduced the susceptibility of ripening fruit to B. cinerea, as measured by fungal biomass accumulation and by macerating lesion development. These results demonstrate that altering endogenous plant CW disassembly during ripening influences the course of infection by B. cinerea, perhaps by changing the structure or the accessibility of CW substrates to pathogen CW-degrading enzymes. Recognition of the role of ripening-associated CW metabolism in postharvest pathogen susceptibility may be useful in the design and development of strategies to limit pathogen losses during fruit storage, handling, and distribution.expansin ͉ polygalacturonase ͉ tomato ͉ plant pathogen

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“…Polygalacturonases (PGs) are produced by various organisms, such as plants (Bird et al 1988;Hadfield and Benett 1998), bacteria (Jayani et al 2010;Tariq and Latif 2012;Chen et al 2014) and fungi (Martins et al 2013;Ortega et al 2014;Cheng et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, purification and biochemical characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger MTCC 478 suitable for clarification of orange juice

Anand

Yadav

2017

3 Biotech

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Polygalacturonases (PG) represent an important member of pectinases group of enzymes with immense industrial applications. A fungal strain Aspergillus niger MTCC478 was used for the production of polygalacturonase both under submerged and solid-state fermentation condition. Further its production was optimized under solid-state fermentation condition with media comprising of wheat bran and tea extract. Purification of an exo-PG was achieved by acetone precipitation (60-90%) and CMcellulose column chromatography revealing 15.28-fold purification with a specific activity of 33.47 U/mg protein and 1.2% yield. A relative molecular mass of purified PG was approximately 124.0 kDa. The pH and temperature optimum was found to be 4 and 50°C, respectively. The k cat and K m value for degradation of PGA by the purified enzyme was found to be 194 s -1 and 2.3 mg/mL, respectively. Cu 2? was found to enhance the PG activity while Ag ? completely inhibited the enzyme activity. The application of the purified PG in orange juice clarification was elucidated.

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Polygalacturonases: Many Genes in Search of a Function1

Cited by 368 publications

References 58 publications

ps-2, the gene responsible for functional sterility in tomato, due to non-dehiscent anthers, is the result of a mutation in a novel polygalacturonase gene

ps-2, the gene responsible for functional sterility in tomato, due to non-dehiscent anthers, is the result of a mutation in a novel polygalacturonase gene

The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Production, purification and biochemical characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger MTCC 478 suitable for clarification of orange juice

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