Polygenic Profile of Elite Strength Athletes

Moreland, Ethan; Borisov, Oleg; Semenova, Ekaterina A.; Larin, Andrey K.; Andryushchenko, Oleg N; Andryushchenko, Liliya B; Generozov, Edward V.; Williams, Alun G.; Ahmetov, Ildus I.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003901

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, the seminal HERITAGE Family Study reported a maximal heritability estimate of 47% (and maternal heritability of 28%) of the individual cardiorespiratory fitness responses following 20 weeks of supervised and standardised aerobic exercise training (290). More than 200 polymorphisms have been associated with strength/power phenotypes, especially concerning athletic performance (291). For example, individuals with PPARGC1A gene codes for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) Gly482Ser (rs8192678) CC genotype had lower one-repetition maximum at baseline compared to both CT genotype counterparts and T-allele carriers (292), but demonstrated that regardless of gender, baseline strength and age, 8 weeks maximal strength training intervention is effective in improving maximal strength in most healthy people.…”

Section: Inter-individual Variability and Dose-response Heterogeneity To Physical Activity And Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

Izquierdo

Merchant

Morley

et al. 2021

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

606

377

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human ageing process is universal, ubiquitous and inevitable. Every physiological function is being continuously diminished. There is a range between two distinct phenotypes of ageing, shaped by patterns of living - experiences and behaviours, and in particular by the presence or absence of physical activity (PA) and structured exercise (i.e., a sedentary lifestyle). Ageing and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with declines in muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities and maintain independent functioning. However, in the presence of adequate exercise/PA these changes in muscular and aerobic capacity with age are substantially attenuated. Additionally, both structured exercise and overall PA play important roles as preventive strategies for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, and obesity; improvement of mobility, mental health, and quality of life; and reduction in mortality, among other benefits. Notably, exercise intervention programmes improve the hallmarks of frailty (low body mass, strength, mobility, PA level, energy) and cognition, thus optimising functional capacity during ageing. In these pathological conditions exercise is used as a therapeutic agent and follows the precepts of identifying the cause of a disease and then using an agent in an evidence-based dose to eliminate or moderate the disease. Prescription of PA/structured exercise should therefore be based on the intended outcome (e.g., primary prevention, improvement in fitness or functional status or disease treatment), and individualised, adjusted and controlled like any other medical treatment. In addition, in line with other therapeutic agents, exercise shows a dose-response effect and can be individualised using different modalities, volumes and/or intensities as appropriate to the health state or medical condition. Importantly, exercise therapy is often directed at several physiological systems simultaneously, rather than targeted to a single outcome as is generally the case with pharmacological approaches to disease management. There are diseases for which exercise is an alternative to pharmacological treatment (such as depression), thus contributing to the goal of deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMS). There are other conditions where no effective drug therapy is currently available (such as sarcopenia or dementia), where it may serve a primary role in prevention and treatment. Therefore, this consensus statement provides an evidence-based rationale for using exercise and PA for health promotion and disease prevention and treatment in older adults. Exercise prescription is discussed in terms of the specific modalities and doses that have been studied in randomised controlled trials for their effectiveness in attenuating physiological changes of ageing, disease prevention, and/or improvement of older adults with chronic disease and disability. Recommendations are proposed to bridge gaps in the current literature and to optimise the use of exercise/PA both as a preventative medicine and as a therapeutic agent.

show abstract

Section: Inter-individual Variability and Dose-response Heterogeneity To Physical Activity And Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

Izquierdo

Merchant

Morley

et al. 2021

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

606

377

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These SNPs, associated with a larger CSA of fast-twitch fibers, were also more frequent in strength and power athletes, which suggest a favourable genetic profile. Athletic phenotypes (including muscle strength and power) are polygenic in nature, which implies that multiple polymorphisms influence these athletic phenotype (Guilherme and Lancha 2020 ; Moreland et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic predictors of testosterone levels are associated with muscle fiber size and strength

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Circulating testosterone levels are a heritable trait with anabolic properties in various tissues, including skeletal muscle. So far, hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with testosterone levels have been identified in nonathletic populations. The aim of the present study was to test the association of 822 testosterone-increasing SNPs with muscle-related traits (muscle fiber size, fat-free mass and handgrip strength) and to validate the identified SNPs in independent cohorts of strength and power athletes. Methods One hundred and forty-eight physically active individuals (47 females, 101 males) were assessed for cross-sectional area (CSA) of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Significant SNPs were further assessed for fat-free mass and handgrip strength in > 354,000 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. The validation cohorts included Russian elite athletes. Results From an initial panel of 822 SNPs, we identified five testosterone-increasing alleles (DOCK3 rs77031559 G, ESR1 rs190930099 G, GLIS3 rs34706136 TG, GRAMD1B rs850294 T, TRAIP rs62260729 C) nominally associated (P < 0.05) with CSA of fast-twitch muscle fibers, fat-free mass and handgrip strength. Based on these five SNPs, the number of testosterone-increasing alleles was positively associated with testosterone levels in male athletes (P = 0.048) and greater strength performance in weightlifters (P = 0.017). Moreover, the proportion of participants with ≥ 2 testosterone-increasing alleles was higher in power athletes compared to controls (68.9 vs. 55.6%; P = 0.012). Conclusion Testosterone-related SNPs are associated with muscle fiber size, fat-free mass and strength, which combined can partially contribute to a greater predisposition to strength/power sports.

show abstract

“…Of those 28 SNPs, the LRPPRC rs10186876, MMS22L rs9320823, and PHACTR1 rs6905419 polymorphisms were also associated with competitive weightlifting performance. Importantly, that study was the first to demonstrate the likelihood that achieving elite status in strength sports depends on a high number of SNPs [33]. Therefore, further studies are needed to replicate those findings and to confirm whether those SNPs are associated with performance in strength-oriented sports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…To date, 62 genetic markers have been associated with strength-power athlete status [3], but only some were reported in strength sports groups (weightlifting and powerlifting). These include SNPs of CNTFR, ACTN3, AGT, AR, HIF1A, PPARA, PPARG, PPARGC1A, and other genes [3,9,17,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Recently, Grishina and colleagues confirmed the association of three SNPs (rs12055409, rs4626333, and rs2273555) with strength measures in weightlifters, which were supported by functional evidence [31,32], whereas the most comprehensive study of elite strength athletes (weightlifters and powerlifters) to date documented 28 SNPs associated with athlete status [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include SNPs of CNTFR, ACTN3, AGT, AR, HIF1A, PPARA, PPARG, PPARGC1A, and other genes [3,9,17,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Recently, Grishina and colleagues confirmed the association of three SNPs (rs12055409, rs4626333, and rs2273555) with strength measures in weightlifters, which were supported by functional evidence [31,32], whereas the most comprehensive study of elite strength athletes (weightlifters and powerlifters) to date documented 28 SNPs associated with athlete status [33]. Of those 28 SNPs, the LRPPRC rs10186876, MMS22L rs9320823, and PHACTR1 rs6905419 polymorphisms were also associated with competitive weightlifting performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CKM Gene rs8111989 Polymorphism and Power Athlete Status

Ginevičienė

Jakaitienė

Utkus

et al. 2021

Genes

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multiple genetic variants are known to influence athletic performance. These include polymorphisms of the muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKM) gene, which have been associated with endurance and/or power phenotypes. However, independent replication is required to support those findings. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the CKM (rs8111989, c.*800A>G) polymorphism is associated with power athlete status in professional Russian and Lithuanian competitors. Genomic DNA was collected from 693 national and international standard athletes from Russia (n = 458) and Lithuania (n = 235), and 500 healthy non-athlete subjects from Russia (n = 291) and Lithuania (n = 209). Genotyping for the CKM rs8111989 (A/G) polymorphism was performed using PCR or micro-array analysis. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between all athletes and non-athletes, and between non-athletes and athletes, segregated according to population and sporting discipline (from anaerobic-type events). No statistically significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies were observed between non-athletes and power athletes (strength-, sprint- and speed/strength-oriented) athletes. The present study reports the non-association of the CKM rs8111989 with elite status in athletes from sports in which anaerobic energy pathways determine success.

show abstract

Polygenic Profile of Elite Strength Athletes

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

Genomic predictors of testosterone levels are associated with muscle fiber size and strength

CKM Gene rs8111989 Polymorphism and Power Athlete Status

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About