Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharides Modulate Gut Microbiota and Mitigate Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays vital roles in metabolic diseases. Polygonatum odoratum extract alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of P. odoratum polysaccharides (POPs) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in rats and whether these effects were related to modulation of gut microbiota. POP treatment attenuated weight gain, fat accumulation, epididymal adipocyte size, liver triglycerides, and total liver cholesterol content in HFD-fed rats. POP administration also increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid. POP upregulated the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation (Pparg, Cebpa, Cebpb) and lipolysis (Ppara, Atgl), and downregulated those related to lipid synthesis (Srebpf1, Fabp4, Fas), with corresponding changes in PPARγ and FABP4 protein expression. Finally, POP enhanced species richness and improved the gut microbiota community structure, reducing the relative abundances of Clostridium, Enterococcus, Coprobacillus, Lactococcus, and Sutterella. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed a clear separation between HFD-fed rats and all other treatment groups. Correlation analysis identified negative and positive associations between obesity phenotypes and 28 POP-influenced operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including putative SCFA-producing bacteria. Our data suggest that POP supplementation may attenuate features of obesity in HFD-fed rats in association with the modulation of gut microbiota.

Holothuria Leucospilota Polysaccharides Ameliorate Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats via Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Lipid Metabolism Regulation

“…Propionic acid has a positive effect on cholesterol metabolism. Interestingly, the trend was the same as the changes in TC and TG levels [34,35,36]. In addition, HLP-H displayed a distinct increase in the release of isobutyric acid (approximately 0.09 mmol/L) in the fourth week ( p < 0.05).…”

Extract of Acalypha australis L. inhibits lipid accumulation and ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in mice through regulating adipose differentiation by decreasing PPARγ and CEBP/α expression

“…9B, C, D, and E). It has been reported that HFD contributed to the reduction of relative abundances of bacteroidaceae (47), bifidobacteria, and lactobacillus colonies (48), which could weaken the process of cholesterol conversion and utilization, leading to hyperlipidemia (49)(50)(51). Lactobacillus was proved to inhibit HFD-induced obesity by down-regulating PPARγ and C/EBPα (52).…”

Pistachio Consumption Alleviates Inflammation and Improves Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

“…Thus, it is likely that the reduction of H 2 S-producing bacteria by pistachio enhances the output of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, improving intestinal health and inflammation [76]. Coprobacillus has been reported to be negatively correlated with most of the features of obesity in obese rats [77,78]. An abundance of Oscillospira has been associated with systemic inflammation and altered intestinal permeability [79,80] and diets rich in polyphenols improve HFD-induced liver steatosis by reducing Oscillospira abundance [81,82].…”