Polyhexamethylene biguanide functionalized cationic silver nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial activity

Ashraf, Sumaira; Akhtar, Nasrin; Ghauri, Muhammad Afzal; Rajoka, Muhammad Ibrahim; Khalid, Zafar M.; Hussain, Irshad

doi:10.1186/1556-276x-7-267

Cited by 55 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…On the other hand, silver nanoparticles might enhance permeability during inactivation of microbial cells (Ashraf et al, 2012;Ranganath & Sarkar, 2014;Kim, Park, & Lee, 2011). Therefore, GTAC/silver nanoparticles treated cotton fibers in this study would possess both ability to adhere and permeability concurrently.…”

Section: Antibacterial Efficacymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Natural antibacterial agents, such as chitosan (Ammayappan & Jeyakodi, 2009;Aranaz et al, 2009), sericin (Rajendran, Balakumar, Sivakumar, Amruta, & Devaki, 2012), neem extract (Margi & Pratibha, 2014), and natural dyes (Kasiri & Safapour, 2014), have received worldwide interest because of their ecofriendly nature and non-toxic properties. Synthetic organic compounds, such as quaternary ammonium (Harney, Pant, Fulmer, & Wynne, 2009;Huang et al, 2008), polyhexamethylene biguanides (Ashraf et al, 2012), triclosan (Ranganath & Sarkar, 2014), silver nanoparticles (Kim, Park, & Lee, 2011;Mirjalili, Yaghmaei, & Mirjalili, 2013;Maryan, Montazer, & Harifi, 2013), and N-halamine material (Cai et al, 2015), currently dominate the antibacterial market for fibers due to technical advantages. The antibacterial agents, either natural or synthetic compounds, inhibit bacterial growth and antibacterial synthetic agents are used as biocides in fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of their antibacterial activity has not been fully reported; however, silver nanoparticles increase the permeability of microbial cells, which produce damaging sulfur and phosphorous-containing compounds (Ashraf et al, 2012;Ranganath & Sarkar, 2014;Kim, Park, & Lee, 2011). The silver particles possess physic-chemical and biological properties on the nanoscale because of their modifications of biological functionalization (Parak et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial cotton fibers treated with silver nanoparticles and quaternary ammonium salts

Kang¹,

Kim

et al. 2016

Carbohydrate Polymers

109

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Section: Antibacterial Efficacymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial cotton fibers treated with silver nanoparticles and quaternary ammonium salts

Kang¹,

Kim

et al. 2016

Carbohydrate Polymers

109

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“…There are reports of PHMB functionalization onto cationic silver nanoparticles 13 but, to the best of our knowledge, the immobilization/ encapsulation of this antimicrobial agent in inorganic silica capsules is a new topic and has not been reported yet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for immobilization of polyhexamethylene biguanide within silica capsules

et al. 2015

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reasonable cost.8 This polymer has an average molecular weight of 2648 AE 50 g mol À1 and an average of 10-13 repeating units per chain (Fig. 1). 12 Bacterial resistance is very unlikely to occur due to non-specic and multi-target PHMB antibacterial action, 8,12 acting as a bacteriostatic if administered at low concentrations (1-10 mg mL À1 ) and as a bactericidal at high doses (>10 mg mL À1 ). 13The majority of PHMB applications has been carried out in "free form"7 10 but this is far from appropriate for applications in the environment, where residual traces of PHMB would certainly not be acceptable. An inherent disadvantage of PHMB is the high solubility in water, 8 which makes its removal from the environment extremely difficult. The immobilization of PHMB in insoluble supports can be an interesting approach to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms, preventing any risk of environmental contamination. Additionally, when stable chemicals like PHMB 9 are immobilized on solid supports, they can be easily removed, recovered and reused, which makes this a less expensive technology.In this work we attempted the encapsulation of commercially available PHMB (VANTOCIL® IB) in silica capsules with porous shells via a water-in-oil microemulsion, through a single (one-step) polymerization step process. There are reports of PHMB functionalization onto cationic silver nanoparticles 13 but, to the best of our knowledge, the immobilization/ encapsulation of this antimicrobial agent in inorganic silica capsules is a new topic and has not been reported yet.The synthesis and characterization of silica particles encapsulating PHMB was performed by different techniques and the antibacterial activity of the capsules was evaluated as a starting ground for future applications such as surface cleansers or coatings. Experimental section MaterialsAmmonia solution 25-28% (NH 4 OH), Span® 85, Tween® 20, tetraethyl orthosilicate 99.9% (TEOS) and PBS (Phosphate Buffer Solution) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly-(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) was supplied as a 20% w/w solution in water (Arch UK Biocides) and cyclohexane was obtained from Merck. Ethanol was provided by Carlo Erba reagents, sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic were supplied by Riedel-de Häen. All reagents were of analytical grade and used without any further purication. Synthesis of silica capsules loaded with PHMB (PHMB@silica capsules)Silica capsules were prepared through a reverse emulsion, using Span® 85 and Tween® 20 as surfactants, cyclohexane as continuous phase and an ammonia solution as catalyst.6 An oil phase was prepared by dissolving 1 g of Span® 85 in 50 mL of cyclohexane. Then, one drop of Tween® 20 in 5 mL of PHMB solution, followed by the addition of 2.0 mL of ammonia solution (25-28%) (water phase), were added to the oil phase under stirring and a water-in-oil microemulsion was obtained. Aer a few minutes stirring, 2.0 mL of TEOS was added to the w/o microemulsion under vigorous stirring and kept in a closed vessel fo...

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“…During this process, the AgNPs permeate microbial cells and induce damage to sulfurand phosphorous-containing compounds. 38 Secondly, silver ions released from the AgNPs inactivate microorganisms.…”

Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective surface attachment of Ag nanoparticles on fibers using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride and improvement of antimicrobial properties

et al. 2017

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Functional poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), m-aramid (known as Nomex®) fibers with antimicrobial properties were prepared by applying quaternary ammonium salts (such as glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC)) in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The fibers treated by this simple process exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity. In the coating process, the m-aramid fibers were immersed in a GTAC solution and reacted via the pad-dry-cure process. The GTAC-treated m-aramid fibers were then reacted with an Ag colloid solution at 40 C for 90 min to prepare GTAC/AgNP-treated m-aramid fibers. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm the surface morphology of the maramid fibers treated with GTAC and AgNPs. Changes in the chemical composition before and after GTAC and AgNP treatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The tensile strength of the GTAC/AgNP-treated m-aramid fibers declined by about 3.5% compared to that of untreated m-aramid fibers. Durability of the AgNPs on the m-aramid fibers treated with GTAC/AgNPs was demonstrated through a washing-fastness test, indicating 76% retention after five washing cycles. The antimicrobial activity analysis showed that the synergistic antimicrobial properties of the GTAC/AgNP-treated m-aramid fibers resulted in efficacy against P. aeruginosa.

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Polyhexamethylene biguanide functionalized cationic silver nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial activity

Cited by 55 publications

References 48 publications

Antibacterial cotton fibers treated with silver nanoparticles and quaternary ammonium salts

Antibacterial cotton fibers treated with silver nanoparticles and quaternary ammonium salts

A novel approach for immobilization of polyhexamethylene biguanide within silica capsules

Effective surface attachment of Ag nanoparticles on fibers using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride and improvement of antimicrobial properties

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