“…Therefore, a better understanding of the sintering process as well as the effects of the protective agents on the conductivity of the printed Ag NPs based pattern is needed. Usually, two kinds of protective agents are commonly used in Ag NPs based inks: first, the polymers bearing carboxylate, amino or hydroxyl functional groups, such as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) [41,42,43,44], poly(vinyl pyrolidone) (PVP) [45,46,47,48,49] and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [50,51]; second, the small molecular compounds with a long alkyl chain and polar head, such as alkanethiols [52,53,54], alkylamines [53,55,56] and carboxylic acids [57,58]. Through investigating the behavior of protective agent in sintering, some efforts have been made to improve the conductivity of the Ag NPs based ink under moderate sintering.…”