“…The therapeutic efficiency of PTT usually depends on the photothermal agents (PTAs) that can convert light energy into thermal energy for cancer cell killing. Numerous PTAs have been developed, including metal-based PTAs [14][15][16][17][18], carbonbased PTAs [19][20][21][22], melanin-like NPs [23,24], conjugated polymers [25][26][27], black phosphorus [28,29], metal-organic frameworks [30], covalent organic frameworks [31], cyanine-based PTAs [32], and so on. However, some of these PTAs have shortcomings like tedious synthesis, non-degradable property, high cytotoxicity, and low photothermal conversion efficiency.…”