Polymer Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Neural Regeneration

Snigdha, S.; Thomas, Sabu; Ek, Radhakrishnan

doi:10.15406/atroa.2017.02.00016

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…To positively mimic biological tissues, an optimized scaffold should favor cell penetration, growth, and integration into the host system, and during healing or after healing should, preferably, ensure the degradation into nontoxic byproducts. 656 One primary requirement for a biomaterial is biocompatibility, and during the last 20 years, various biomaterials ranging from metals to ceramics and polymers have been proposed. 656,657 Different materials from synthetic or natural origin and different morphologies have been evaluated in order to determine the most prone to replace the cell environment.…”

Section: Biomedical Applications: Tissue Engineering and Antimicrobia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications

Costa,

Cardoso,

Martins

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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From scientific and technological points of view, poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, is one of the most exciting polymers due to its overall physicochemical characteristics. This polymer can crystalize into five crystalline phases and can be processed in the form of films, fibers, membranes, and specific microstructures, being the physical properties controllable over a wide range through appropriate chemical modifications. Moreover, PVDF-based materials are characterized by excellent chemical, mechanical, thermal, and radiation resistance, and for their outstanding electroactive properties, including high dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric response, being the best among polymer systems and thus noteworthy for an increasing number of technologies. This review summarizes and critically discusses the latest advances in PVDF and its copolymers, composites, and blends, including their main characteristics and processability, together with their tailorability and implementation in areas including sensors, actuators, energy harvesting and storage devices, environmental membranes, microfluidic, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial applications. The main conclusions, challenges and future trends concerning materials and application areas are also presented.

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Section: Biomedical Applications: Tissue Engineering and Antimicrobia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications

Costa,

Cardoso,

Martins

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are especially incapacitating in case of spinal cord injuries (SCI). Regardless of the location, central nervous system injuries always cause a loss of important neurological functions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Treatment is difficult, and at the current state of medical knowledge, it is focused on reducing the primary and secondary damages caused by the injury, and, later on, on neurological improvement by long-time rehabilitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment is difficult, and at the current state of medical knowledge, it is focused on reducing the primary and secondary damages caused by the injury, and, later on, on neurological improvement by long-time rehabilitation. Full functional recovery in the case of major trauma is seldom possible to date [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grafting the injured spinal cord with artificial implants is of great importance in the medical treatment [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. For that purpose, polymer biomaterials have been thoroughly investigated [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Natural polymers, such as alginate, agarose, collagen, chitosan, and fibronectin have been used as scaffolds for neural cell growth in vitro [10] as well as axon regrowth in vivo [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the synthetic polymers such as poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), or poly-β-hydroxybutyrate have been tailored to create a wide range of degradation rates and mechanical properties. Finally, synthetic and natural polymers can be blended together to achieve the superior material properties [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. A polymer scaffold for spinal cord repair should be constructed into specific geometry and micro-architecture, e.g., polymer sponges, multichannel grafts, hydrogels, and tubes [1,4,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PU/PLDL Sponges Intended for Grafting Injured Spinal Cord

et al. 2020

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Highly porous, elastic, and degradable polyurethane and polyurethane/polylactide (PU/PLDL) sponges, in various shapes and sizes, with open interconnected pores, and porosity up to 90% have been manufactured. They have been intended for gap filling in the injured spinal cord. The porosity of the sponges depended on the content of polylactide, i.e., it decreased with the increase of polylactide content. The rise of polylactide content caused an increase of Young modulus and rigidity as well as a more complex morphology of the polyurethane/polylactide blends. The mechanical properties, in vitro toxicity, and degradation in artificial cerebrospinal fluid were tested. Sponges underwent continuous degradation with varying degradation rates depending on the polymer composition. In vitro cell studies with fibroblast cultures proved the biocompatibility of the polymers. Based on the obtained results, the designed PU/PLDL sponges appeared to be promising candidates for bridging gaps within injured spinal cord in further in vitro and in vivo studies.

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The Role of Neural Tissue Engineering in the Repair of Nerve Lesions

et al. 2020

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Tissue engineering is the science of tissue design for the healing and regeneration of tissue lesions. Peripheral nerves are typically in danger of physical injury. Peripheral nerve injuries can cause by cons truction and transport accidents, natural disas ters, war-related injuries, and surgical complications. Spontaneous repair of the peripheral nerve is often incomplete, with poor functional recovery. Therefore, nerve tissue engineering researchers have invented scaffolds that can help neural tissue repair due to the type of conformation and their cons tituents. If the nerve gap in the peripheral nervous sys tem is less than 1 cm in length, the two ends of the gap can be surgically connected, for larger gaps neural autograft is the gold s tandard. Applying autograft is res tricted due to the deficiency of donor nerves and the requirement of multiple surgeries. The central nervous sys tem is more challenging as the neural repair inhibitor environment is created after injury. Therefore, design of various scaffolds to facilitate nerve tissue repair and regeneration could be a promising method to overcome these problems. Conclusion: Nervous sys tem tissue engineering using nerve scaffolds is one of the therapeutic approaches to replace damaged nerve tissue. To this end, this paper examines the properties of ideal scaffolds and the biomaterials used in scaffold cons truction, as well as the cells and growth factors appropriate for the treatment of nerve lesions.

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Polymer Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Neural Regeneration

Cited by 4 publications

References 86 publications

Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications

Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PU/PLDL Sponges Intended for Grafting Injured Spinal Cord

The Role of Neural Tissue Engineering in the Repair of Nerve Lesions

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