Polymer-capped gold nanoparticles as nanozymes with improved catalytic activity for the monitoring of serum ciprofloxacin

Abstract

PAM@AuNPs showed enzyme-simulation characteristic in TMB oxidation. Upon the improvement of its POD-like activity by drug CIP, a protocol for the selective and sensitive monitoring of CIP in rat-serum was constructed.

Cellular Alterations in Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Due to Interactions with Nanomaterials

“…These nanocarriers need to be sensitive to external (light, ultrasound, and magnetic field) or internal (pH, redox, and enzyme) stimuli, for their cargo release [105]. Therefore, even though NPs have been used in the clinical setting since the early1990s, the tremendous potential for developing novel disease-specific treatments with reduced side effects (due to their controlled release) has to be accompanied with increasing concerns about their biosafety; this has reduced the number of NPs approved for diagnosis to only one type, namely iron oxide NPs [2,3,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

“…NPs have been used in the clinic setting as drug delivery systems since the early 1990s [21]. Among the NP formulations designed and tested in recent years, we find gold nanoparticles [22], ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles [23], nanotubes [24], and nanoparticles encapsulated in liposomes [25], polymers, and micelles [26,27].…”

Tumor Microenvironments-Adaptive Apoptotic Effects of Cytidine 5′-monophosphate-Capped Gold Nanoclusters

“…Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have ultrasmall sizes (≤2 nm), unique electronic structures, and molecule-like properties. , Thus, they have been widely applied in bionics, biosensing, biomedicine, and particularly mimetic catalysis. , Significant progress of nanomimetic enzymes has been developed to conquer the boundedness of natural enzymes such as instability, high cost, complex purification, and transportation. , Compared with other materials simulating enzymatic activity, AuNCs process the merits of ultrasmall size, nontoxicity, good stability, and biocompatibility . In addition, AuNCs have been used to catalyze H 2 O 2 to produce ROS in vitro and in cells. − The primary process involves the adsorption of H 2 O 2 at the gold surface, and the O–O bonds are broken into dihydroxy radicals; meanwhile, the gold core further stabilizes the generated hydroxyl radicals through partial electron exchange. It enables AuNCs with excellent catalytic capacities for ROS generation.…”