Polymer combustion processes. Part II. Ignition of polymers

Polymer Combustion Processes. 3. Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials

“…The constant involvement of science and industry with the problems that have been discussed, is due to the huge scale of losses and damage caused by the flammability of polymeric materials. In the articles published up to now, we have presented certain aspects of the problem of reducing the flammability of polymers and fibres (108)(109)(110)(111) . In the study quoted (111) and in the present article we have concentrated on the chemical aspect of combustion and its prevention.…”

Effect of the Type of Flame Retardant and Lubricant on the Effectiveness of Fire Retardancy of Medium-Density Polyethylene

“…The resistance of polyethylene to ignition and combustion is increased principally by adding derivatives of halogens, phosphorus and boron and synergistic antimony (VI) oxide, which give rise, apart from a considerable reduction in flammability of the products, to the release of highly toxic and very corrosive smoke products [1-7, 18, 19]. These agents are current being replaced by non-halogen-containing compounds that are free of this drawback, including aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide [2,4,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

“…Poor resistance to ignition and combustion is the main defect of polyethylene (as with most plastics), and this restricts its applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This resistance is defined using conventional qualitative and more rarely quantitative indices determined by a number of investigative methods differing in the measurement conditions and the shape and dimensions of the specimens.…”

“…This resistance is defined using conventional qualitative and more rarely quantitative indices determined by a number of investigative methods differing in the measurement conditions and the shape and dimensions of the specimens. The factors measured include the likelihood of initiation of combustion, the rate of flame propagation, resistance to fire penetration, the thermal effects of combustion, the composition of the gaseous products of breakdown and combustion (especially with regard to their toxicity) and also the density of the smoke formed [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”