Polymer distribution in alkyl polyoxyethylene condensates. Determination of monomer through tetramer

Puthoff, Mary Ellen.; Benedict, J. H.

doi:10.1021/ac50154a028

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Allgood et al (1990) reported that separation of higher molecular weight oligomers of PEGMAE (x≥6,n≥5) by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) are difficult because of their low volatility. Puthoff and Benedict (1961), separated some phenyl-azo derivatives of PEGMAE's (n = 1 -2) oligomers and report of GC separation of nonylphenol ethoxylates was also made in earlier studies (Anghel et al, 1994;Favretto et al, 1978;Stephanou and Giger, 1982). The Electron Ionization (EI) spectra of low mass PEGMAE, like those of similar hydrocarbons, alcohols and ethers, show low abundance of molecular ions (x≤3, n = 1-4) while the higher members of this series (x≥4 for al n) do not contain molecular ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Oligomeric Polyethylene Glycol Mono Alkyl Ethers

Onigbinde¹,

Munson²,

Amos-Tautua³

2013

RJASET

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Polyethylene Glycol Monoalkyl Ethers, C x H 2x+1 (OC 2 H 4 ) n OH, (PEGMAE), are polar compounds like Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) and they undergo microbial degradation which produces toxic substances that are potentially dangerous to the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to carry out proper identification and characterization of these compounds. The Electron Ionization (EI) and Chemical Ionization (CI) spectra of various PEGMAE were obtained by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and were used to identify and characterize these compounds. The characteristic cleavages in the EI and CI reactions of PEGMAEs were also studied. The results obtained showed that the methane CI mass spectra of the PEGMAE contain MH + ions and fragment ions similar to those found in their EI mass spectra. The relative abundances of the MH + ions are low, variable and increase with increasing sample size across the chromatographic peaks; but do not increase with increasing x or n. The base peaks of the low mass oligomers (x≤3) are PEG related (e.g., m/z 45, 59) but those of higher mass oligomers (x≥4) include the ion at m/z 63 (HOC 2 H 4 OH) H + or m/z 107 (HO (C 2 H 4 O) 2 H) H + . There are no (MH-H 2 O) + ions or protonated dimer ions (n≥2, x≥2) in the spectra of PEGMAE. The Relative Molar Sensitivities (RMS) or the Relative Sensitivity per Gram (RSG) increases linearly with molecular polarizabilty or molecular weight with a non-zero intercept.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Oligomeric Polyethylene Glycol Mono Alkyl Ethers

Onigbinde¹,

Munson²,

Amos-Tautua³

2013

RJASET

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“…The latter value was 0.0811, which compares favorably with Q = 0.0766 for the original b~. Table V shows the theoretical distribution of reaction product through the eighth adduct, based on distribution constants from equation (12) and distribution equations (7) and (8). Experimental verification of the extrapolated constants is given by comparing the theoretical distribution obtained using these constants with the distribution actually obtained on a sample of n-decanol ethoxylated to 3.0 moles of ethylene oxide.…”

Section: Determination Of Relative Rate Constantsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Table III Fro. Figures 5-8 show the observed points for the first four adduets with curves from equation (8) and the Poisson distribution. Relative rate constants, bt, as a function of adduct number, i.…”

Section: Determination Of Relative Rate Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Component distribution of alcohol ethylene oxide adducts

Weimer

Cooper

1966

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The relative reaction constants for the basecatalyzed ethoxylation of primary straight chain alcohols have been determined for the unreacted alcohol and the first three ethylene oxide adducts. The distribution of the ethoxylates was found using molecular distillation, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and gas liquid partition chromatography.A mathematical model describing the distributions was set up and programmed on a 7090 digital computer. Solution of the program gave the relative reaction constants for the alcohol and the first three adduets.The relative reactivities of the adducts in the base-catalyzed ethoxylation of primary straight chain alcohols are shown to increase with adduct number, but tend to a constant value as the adduct number increases. Results also show that alcohols from C6 to Cts are equally reactive to ethylene oxide on a molar basis.

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Chemie und Technologie der Herstellung nichtionischer Tenside

Asinger

1973

Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm.

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Einleitend werden Einteilung der Tenside und historische Entwicklung der Nonionics behandelt. Aus einem umfangreichen Zahlenmaterial ergibt sich die zunehmende wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der nichtionischen Tenside im Vergleich zu den übrigen Gruppen waschaktiver Stoffe einschließlich der Seifen. Ihre im einzelnen dargelegte Rohstoffbasis erscheint gesichert, so daß mit dieser wesentlichen Voraussetzung eine günstige Prognose für die weitere Entwicklung dieser Tensidgruppe gegeben werden kann. Nach kurzen Hinweisen auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen chemischer Konstitution und biologischer Abbaubarkeit werden Chemie und Synthese der Nonionics unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der katalytischen Oxäthylierung sowie ihre relevanten Eigenschaften, u. a. Löslichkeit und Trübungspunkte der wäßrigen Lösungen, behandelt. Ein weiterer Abschnitt befaßt sich mit der Synthese einheitlicher, chemisch definierter Nonionics, die u. a. als Modellsubstanzen von Bedeutung sind. Der technischen Herstellung der z. Z. gängigen Typen ist der Schlußabschnitt gewidmet, der durch einige Hinweise auf ihre Konfektionierung ergänzt wird.

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Polymer distribution in alkyl polyoxyethylene condensates. Determination of monomer through tetramer

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Gas Chromatography/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Oligomeric Polyethylene Glycol Mono Alkyl Ethers

Gas Chromatography/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Oligomeric Polyethylene Glycol Mono Alkyl Ethers

Component distribution of alcohol ethylene oxide adducts

Chemie und Technologie der Herstellung nichtionischer Tenside

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