Polymer Dots Compartmentalized in Liposomes as a Photocatalyst for In Situ Hydrogen Therapy

Abstract

Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have recently attracted considerable attention because of their photocatalytic activity as well as tunable optical band gap. In this contribution, we describe the therapeutic application of Pdots through in situ photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Liposomes were employed as nanoreactors to confine the Pdot photocatalyst, reactants, intermediates, and by‐products. Upon photon absorption by the Pdots, the catalytic cycle is initiated and repeated within the aqueous interior, while the H2 product diffuses across the lipid bilayer to counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpressed in diseased tissues. Ensemble and single‐particle Förster resonance energy transfer microscopy confirmed the proposed nanoreactor model. We demonstrate that a liposomal nanoreactor containing Pdots and a sacrificial electron donor is a potential photocatalytic nanoreactor for in situ hydrogen therapy.

Artificial Enzyme Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Antitumor Immunotherapy Reinforced by NIR‐II Light

“…For mice treated with Cu 2− x Te NEs, the local temperature at the tumor sites was sharply elevated to 44.8 °C under NIR‐II light irradiation, suggesting the superior photothermal effect of the Cu 2− x Te NEs. To evaluate the intratumor oxidative stress in situ, the chemiluminescence probe l ‐012 was used (Figure b) . Compared with mice in the control group, mice treated with Cu 2− x Te NEs showed 13.7 times higher signal of oxidative stress at tumor sites, which was further increased after NIR‐II light irradiation (Figure c).…”

“…Research Articles situ, the chemiluminescence probe l-012 was used (Figure 5b). [24] Compared with mice in the control group,m ice treated with Cu 2Àx Te NEs showed 13.7 times higher signal of oxidative stress at tumor sites,w hich was further increased after NIR-II light irradiation (Figure 5c). We next investigated the reversion of the immunosuppressive state of tumors under the stimulus of elevated oxidative stress.Compared to the blank control group,t reatment with Cu 2Àx Te NEs plus NIR-II light remarkably upregulated the population of the M1 macrophages and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a and IL-6) by 129.1 %, 98.3 %, and 175.1 % ( Figures 5d and e; see Figure S22), whereas,the population of the M2 macrophages and the levels of IL-10 (markers of M2 macrophages) were correspondingly reduced by 56.6 and 32.6 % ( Figure 5f;s ee Figure S22).…”

Nanoreactors for Chemical Synthesis and Biomedical Applications

“…The isolation of nanoreactors wall could avoid the disturbance and undesirable impact on biological process . More recently, a liposome system loaded with semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as nanoreactor was proposed for in situ hydrogen therapy . Pdots have been proved successfully with the capability for hydrogen generation by photocatalysis .…”

“…[24] More recently,al iposomes ystem loaded with semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as nanoreactor was proposed for in situ hydrogen therapy. [25] Pdots have been proveds uccessfully with the capability for hydrogen generation by photocatalysis. [26] In this work, Zhang et al encapsulated Pdots into liposomes with l-ascorbic acid (AA) to redistribute the interfacial charge between liposomes and Pdots.…”

“…Scheme of al iposomal nanoreactor in intercellular space for in situ photocatalytic H 2 generation to scavenge COH.Reproduced with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright 2019 Wiley. tion is an uplifting beginning to promote the development of catalytic organometallics in biochemistry.…”