Polymer Flooding—Fundamentals and Field Cases

Sheng, James J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386545-8.00003-8

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When waterflooding of an oil reservoir proves inadequate due to viscous fingering phenomena culminating in early water breakthrough, polymer flooding may be introduced/ incorporated. The process of polymer flooding involves the injection of high molecular weight water-soluble polymers along with the water slug to increase the viscosity of the injectant [37,38]. The incremental viscosity of the injectant improves the mobility and conformance control of the injected slug and eradicates viscous fingering phenomena.…”

Section: Polymer Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of chemical enhanced oil recovery: recent advances and prospects

et al. 2019

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Despite the progress made on renewable energy, oil and gas remains the world's primary energy source. Meanwhile, large amounts of oil deposits remain unrecovered after application of traditional oil recovery methods. Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been adjudged as an efficient oil recovery technique to recover bypassed oil and residual oil trapped in the reservoir. This EOR method relies on the injection of chemicals to boost oil recovery. In this overview, an up-to-date synopsis of chemical EOR with detailed explanation of the chemicals used, and the mechanism governing their oil recovery application have been discussed. Challenges encountered in the application of the various conventional chemical EOR methods were highlighted, and solutions to overcome the challenges were proffered. Besides, the recent trend of incorporating nanotechnology and their synergistic effects on conventional chemicals stability and efficiency for EOR were also explored and analysed. Finally, laboratory results and field projects were outlined. The review of experimental studies shows that porescale mechanisms of conventional chemical EOR is enhanced by incorporating nanotechnology, hence, resulted in higher efficiency. Moreover, the use of ionic liquid chemicals and novel alkaline-cosolvent-polymer technology shows good potentials. This overview presents an extensive information about chemical EOR applications for sustainable energy production.

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Section: Polymer Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of chemical enhanced oil recovery: recent advances and prospects

et al. 2019

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“…Hydrolysis occurs to the amide moiety resulting in an acrylate moiety and the formation of ammonium ion as Fig. 1 represents (Sheng 2013).…”

Section: Polymers Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Result of PAM hydrolysis produces commercially used partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) suitable for chemical EOR techniques for its low cost, good viscosifying water properties, and relative ease of implementation on large-scale production (Sheng 2013). Modified types of HPAM are thermally stable and produce higher injectant viscosity in porous media than other types of polymers (Yerramilli et al 2013).…”

Section: Polymers Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel model to predict HPAM viscosity with the effects of concentration, salinity and divalent content

Al-Hamairi

2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Polymer flooding has been established as an effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique and can be utilized in largescale field expansions. With high success rates and efficiency, polymer flooding operates by increasing the viscosity of water, promoting greater sweep efficiency and resulting in higher oil recovery beyond conventional waterflooding. Predicting viscosity has been established by numerous researchers as an essential tool to study polymers behavior under varying conditions. Previous model has proven a link between polymer viscosity and zero shear rate viscosity, relaxation time, hardness, and many other factors. This research initially reviews different types of polymers that can be applied successfully in EOR, demonstrate conditions that can alter polymer viscosity in porous medium, and analyze models that predict polymer bulk and in situ viscosity. The research then discusses a novel modification of the power law model to predict HPAM (SAV10) viscosity in a wide range of shear rates based on polymer concentration, fluid salinity, and divalent content. A polymer rheology study was carried out on SAV10 at various concentrations (750-5000 ppm) and brine salinities (43-210 k ppm). Results show the effectiveness of the model and the ability to predict viscosity accurately in low to medium shear rates, while in high shear rate, a slight deviation was noticeable.

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“…Biopolymers show excellent performance against high-salinity water and shear degradation but they can be sensitive to bacterial degradation in low-temperature reservoirs. Biopolymer does not adsorb on rock surface (Sheng 2013;Sheng et al 2015;Buchgraber 2008;Barati 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of polymer injection enhanced oil recovery in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media using glass-type micromodels

Hosseini

Foroozesh

2018

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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In water flooding process, volumetric sweep efficiency and oil recovery can be enhanced using polymer to increase the viscosity of water. As a result, polymer flooding has higher recovery as compared to water flooding due to front stability and reduction of fingering problem. In this research work, a set of polymer flooding runs were carried out using glass-type micromodels. The micromodels were fabricated to have homogeneous and heterogeneous flow patterns. They were positioned horizontally and saturated with a heavy crude oil sample taken from an Iranian oil field before starting the injection. Three commercial polymers were used in this study. Whole process was photographed continuously with a high-resolution camera to monitor the displacement of polymer solution in the micromodels. As a part of this study, the effect of different parameters including polymer solution concentration, injection flow rate and heterogeneity on performance of polymer flooding was investigated. On top of the regular homogeneous and heterogeneous flow patterns used in this study, a heterogeneous flow pattern mimicking sandstone reservoirs was created based on the image of a thin section of a sandstone (outcrop) and polymer front movement was observed during injection.

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Polymer Flooding—Fundamentals and Field Cases

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

An overview of chemical enhanced oil recovery: recent advances and prospects

An overview of chemical enhanced oil recovery: recent advances and prospects

Development of a novel model to predict HPAM viscosity with the effects of concentration, salinity and divalent content

Experimental study of polymer injection enhanced oil recovery in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media using glass-type micromodels

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