Polymer-modified glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical detection of quinine in human urine and pharmaceutical formulations

Research progress in electroanalytical techniques for determination of antimalarial drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples

“…54 The doping agents used were potassium perchlorate, potassium ferricyanide (II), p-toluenesulfonic acid, lithium trifluromethane sulphonate, potassium hexafluorophosphate, sodium 1-decanesulfonate and sodium tetrasulphonate-phthalocyaninate of nickel (II). 57 The detection limit obtained was found to be much lower as compared to the earlier reported methods for the quantification of the drug. Poorly defined peaks were observed at doped Ppy electrodes.…”

“…47,55,57,59 Human serum and plasma samples were usually centrifuged to precipitate the proteins and then diluted with the buffer solution before carrying out the analysis. Pharmaceutical formulation samples were directly analysed after dissolving in water or any other solvent, which was sometimes followed by filtration.…”

“…Pharmaceutical formulation samples were directly analysed after dissolving in water or any other solvent, which was sometimes followed by filtration. 57,76,104 Rarely, centrifugation of urine was done as a sample pretreatment step. 46,76,104,106 For urine, a simple dilution is applied as a pre-extraction step, which is often be the only step performed.…”

Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Assessment of Food Quality: How the Electrochemical Platform Should Be Tailored to the Application

“…Graphene oxide (GO), chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO), and thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) were then tested as electrode materials towards the electrochemical oxidation of quinine. [38,39] First, af ixed concentration of quininea t6 0mm was used to investigate the effect of the concentration of CMGs deposited on the electrode surfaceonthe oxidation peak current and potentialo fq uinine. Figure 4s hows the oxidation peak current and potentialv ersus the concentrationo ft he three CMGs employed.…”

A solid-state electrochemiluminescence composite modified electrode based on Ru(bpy)32+/PAHNSA: Characterization and pharmaceutical applications

“…The uniqueness of AHNSA as a monomer stems from the presence of (ÀNH 2 ), (ÀOH) and (ÀSO 3 H) active functional groups in which the paraposition and ortho-positions to amino group are blocked for known polymerization steps of aromatic amines. The resulting polymer (PAHNSA) was classified as a semiconductor polymer and applied for the electrochemical determination of quinine [21], nicotine [22], ephedrine [23] and caffeine [24]. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic activity of PAHNSA toward oxygen reduction reaction was investigated and compared with platinum loaded PAHNSA modified electrode [25].…”