The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. in sea food samples in Isfahan and Shahrekord, Iran. From April 2009 to January 2010, a total of 264 samples of fresh and frozen fish and shrimp samples were obtained from randomly selected retail stores in Isfahan and Shahrekord, Iran. The samples were tested for the presence of Listeria spp. using a selective enrichment and isolation protocol recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture. Only Listeria monocytogenes isolates identified by bacteriological methods were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using conventional bacteriologic methods, out of the total of 264 samples examined, 20 (7.6%) were found to be positive for Listeria. Listeria species were isolated in 7.5%, 4.2%, 11.7% and 6.6% of fresh fish, frozen fish, fresh shrimp and frozen shrimp samples, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua were detected in 1.9% and 5.7% of the samples analyzed, respectively. All five Listeria strains identified as L. monocytogenes were also positive using PCR. Consumption of these sea foods, either raw or undercooked, may contribute to food-borne illness in Iran. Also, L. monocytotenes in raw seafood may pose a health risk in kitchens if contaminating ready-to-eat food.