Polymeric drop-film sprinklers for cooling towers

Abstract

Designs of drop-film sprinklers based on cellular polymeric shells formed by a layer of intersecting cylindrical (or other shape) polymeric fibers are described. The dependence of the evaporation number on the relative flow rate of air is investigated for the designs presented. An empirical relationship is derived for calculation of the pressure drop in the cooling-tower sprinkler, which permits most accurate determination of the load on the fan and the optimal operating conditions of the cooling tower.The temperature regime of any production process is ensured by the use of circulating water-supply systems normally equipped with mechanical-draft and chimney-type cooling towers.Closed autonomous water-supply systems [1], which provide for delivery of water to a production process with the required volumes and appropriate quality, function for the purpose of rational utilization of water resources at industrial establishments, since water cooling is currently most economically expedient for basic and auxiliary equipment.Industrial water-supply systems consist of a set of interrelated structures -water intakes, pumping plants, and installations to clean and improve the quality of the water, which regulate both the reserve tanks, water coolers, and distributing network of pipelines. Some of the enumerated structures cannot be used in the water-supply systems, depending on the purpose and local conditions [2].The circulating water that passes through the production cycle is cooled to the required temperature in chimney-type or mechanical-draft cooling towers. The requirements set forth for the temperature of the circulating water by various industrial establishments depend on the production process and operating properties of the equipment. A temperature in excess of that regulated for the circulating water will lead to reduction in output of production and degradation of its quality.The effectiveness of the water-cooling process in cooling towers is determined by structural characteristics of the packings (sprinklers), which ensure the required surface area of phase contact with minimal aero-and hydrodynamic resistances.Despite a wide variety of sprinkler designs for cooling towers, the need currently arises for the development of new highly effective designs adapted to manufacture, which are formed from polymeric materials, since a trend toward an increase in output of articles formed from these materials with different dimensions and cross-sectional shapes is observed in industry.The sprinklers may be film or drop-film, depending on the character of the dominant cooling surface. Different types of sprinklers may also have extremely different designs of individual components and dimensions.Results of analysis of familiar structures are used in developing new sprinkler designs for cooling towers. Let us examine the operating principles of the sprinklers and their structural characteristics. In each specific case, the sprinklers should correspond to technical requirements established by government standards with resp...

Experimental study on thermal performance in three-flow cooling tower

“…The authors presented the results of studying the influence of different factors on this phenomenon, which makes it possible to select operating conditions that minimize the entrainment of vapors. And last but not least, when designing the new cooling towers, the crucial factor is to select the optimal design of the fill pack, which can intensify heat and mass transfer processes between interacting phases and decrease the amount of droplet entrainment with minimal energy resources [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

The study of gas-liquid flow dynamics in the inclined-corrugated elements of cooling tower filler unit

“…In order to reduce the water consumption for industrial needs, the enterprises use the circulating-water supply system, which significantly reduces the amount of water consumption. Water is cooled in the cooling towers mainly by atmospheric air within the volume of the cooling tower filler unit, which consists of checker filling layers, with mainly the countercurrent movement of phases [1][2][3].…”

Heat-mass transfer efficiency within the cooling towers with jet-film contact devices

“…Searching for the ways to intensify the heat-mass transfer within gas-liquid systems led to the development of fundamentally new apparatuses with vertical grids, drop-film sprinklers, and regular nozzles of increased throughput capacity [2][3][4][5][6]. According to the analysis of the most promising designs of contact devices, developed in recent years, each new design solution gives a slight gain in efficiency.…”