Polymeric Flocculants and Flocculation

Complexation with chondroitin sulfate C and Polybrene rapidly purifies retrovirus from inhibitors of transduction and substantially enhances gene transfer

“…Most likely it is a form of flocculation, the destabilization of a suspension of colloids by the addition of a chemical agent known as a flocculant (Hocking et al, 1999). Consistent with our results, several studies have observed that polymer flocs bind large particles and proteins more readily than smaller ones (Agerkvist and Eriksson, 1993;Dimitrova et al, 2000;Juckes, 1971;Milburn et al, 1990;Salt et al, 1995;Tsoka et al, 2000).…”

Application of the central composite design to study the flocculation of an anionic azo dye using quaternized cellulose nanofibrils

“…By taking this approach, it was expected that the rapid and homogenous mixing experienced in the early stages of the flocculation process would enhance the contact between the QCNF and dye molecules, improving the overall efficiency of the system. Further, the large aspect ratio, micron-scale length, and large hydrodynamic volume of the QCNF compared to synthetic and carbohydrate polycations (Sacui et al, 2014) were expected to provide superior particle-particle interactivity, resulting in improved bridging between microflocs (Hocking, Klimchuk, & Lowen, 1999). Additionally, the high molecular weight and high-density semi-crystalline core of individual QCNF particles were expected to improve the sedimentation efficiency of flocs compared to polymers, even for flocs with a relatively low aggregation number (Cheremisinoff, 1995).…”

From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: Extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression

“…The addition of salt to a suspension reduces the Debye length of the surface charge potential in solution which is in turn inversely related to ionic strength [35] leading to a decrease in the zeta potential of the particles [36]. Thus, under the influence of salts, the particle-particle interactions shift from repulsive to attractive, resulting in flocculation and ultimately leading to irreversible aggregation [37][38][39].…”