Polymeric Iodophors: Preparation, Properties, and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The review summarizes the data on the main chemical and physiological properties of iodine and its capability of complexation with natural and synthetic polymers. Iodine is the best known antiseptic used to prevent and treat microbial infections. Its unique capability of complexation with certain polymers opens wide opportunities for targeted and prolonged delivery to target organs. Polymeric complexes with iodine have another color, other morphology, a higher electrical conductivity, and higher biological activity as compared with initial polymers. The formation of and ions is associated with iodine–polymer complexation. Iodine-containing biocompatible adhesive controlled-release formulations are designed as part of research into iodine–polymer complexes. The field is promising in terms of treating certain diseases because tolerance to iodine compounds does not usually develop in microbial cells.

Facile Synthesis of Bio-Antimicrobials with “Smart” Triiodides

“…These disadvantages can be controlled by stabilizing the iodine structure. Iodine can form polyiodides through attachment of iodide anions (I − ), triiodide ions (I 3 − ) and iodine molecules (I 2 ) as the basic units [47,49,50]. The polyiodides can vary from isolated to two-and three-dimensional networks with polymeric structure [47,[49][50][51].…”

“…Iodine can form polyiodides through attachment of iodide anions (I − ), triiodide ions (I 3 − ) and iodine molecules (I 2 ) as the basic units [47,49,50]. The polyiodides can vary from isolated to two-and three-dimensional networks with polymeric structure [47,[49][50][51]. Polyiodides contain different patterns of bonding, including halogen bonding [47,[52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

An Overview on the Recent Advances in the Treatment of Infected Wounds: Antibacterial Wound Dressings

“…It is composed of iodine binding to polyvinylpyrrolidone and is soluble in water. [233,234] PI is an active antiseptic reagent against gramnegative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and several viruses such as the H1N1 flu virus. [235][236][237] Based on previous reports, PI (10%) is considered as a first antiseptic for treatment of superficial skin infections, and it promotes wound healing.…”

Wound Antiseptics and European Guidelines for Antiseptic Application in Wound Treatment

“…PVP-I was introduced as an antiseptic by Shelanski and Shelanski in 1956 [39]. It is formed by joining iodine molecules with polyvinylpyrrolidone and is water-soluble [5]. In PVP-I, povidone acts as an iodine carrier and is capable of absorbing iodine and transporting it, but does not react with the iodine.…”

“…Doctors did not use gloves and washed their hands after surgery rather than before. Post-operative mortality at that time reached 75% [5]. Ignaz Semmelweis observed that the maternity ward in which doctors and students worked had a mortality rate of 20%, while the maternity ward in which midwives worked had a mortality rate of only 3%.…”