Polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of ultrasound and peroxomonosulfate

Abstract

Polymerization of acrylamide (M) in the presence of ultrasound and peroxomonosulfate (PMS) was carried out for the first time for various concentration ranges of monomer and initiator and various temperatures at a constant frequency of 1 Mhz. The rate of polymerization Rp was found to increase with increase in the concentration of monomer and initiator and found to depend on [M] and [PMS]1/2. The rate of disappearance of initiator (‐d[PMS]/dt) was also followed simultaneously under the experimental conditions and found to increase linearly with increase in [PMS]. A probable reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of the observed results, and the individual rate constant were evaluated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2715–2719, 1998

Sonochemical cyclopolymerization of diallylamine in the presence of peroxomonosulfate

“…In the polymerization of AA and MMA in the presence of PMS and ultrasound, R p followed a first‐order dependence on AA/MMA and a half‐order dependence on the initiator PMS, as in the DA–PMS system. Because these systems followed similar kinetic law, the decomposition rate ( k 0 ) of PMS ( k 0 = 2.14 × 10 −4 s −1 ) observed in other systems13, 15 could be used in this system to determine the value of ( k 21 / k t 1/2 ). The average k 21 / k t 1/2 values turned out to be 0.10 mol −1/2 L 1/2 s −1/2 for DA–PMS and 0.11 mol −1/2 L 1/2 s −1/2 for DA–PDS.…”

“…The observed kinetics in this study were similar to those observed for the polymerization of DA with PDS in the presence of ultrasound;16 this suggests that the mechanistic schemes may be similar. The results of the polymerization dynamics of symmetrical nonconjugated diolefin seem to indicate that whereas the initiation and termination processes are similar to those in monovinyl polymerization,13 it involves a different mechanism for propagation 18. Therefore, we propose a reaction scheme incorporating cyclopolymerization as the propagation step to derive the rate expression (Scheme ).…”

“…The thermal decomposition10 of PDS has been found to be catalyzed by an ultrasonic field 11. Taking advantage of the ultrasonic decomposition of PDS, we studied the polymerization of monovinyl monomers, such as AA and PDS,12 AA and PMS,13 MMA and PDS,14 and MMA and PMS,15 in the presence of ultrasonic waves. After this, we also carried out the polymerization of a divinyl monomer, diallylamine (DA), and PDS in the presence of ultrasound in our laboratory 16.…”

Polymerization of methyl acrylate in the presence of ultrasound and peroxodisulfate

“…Ultrasound was used to decompose PDS,3 and this provided a scope for polymerization under this atmosphere with a faster rate of production of primary radicals. With this advantage, we carried out vinyl polymerization with PDS4, 5 and peroxomonosulfate6, 7 in the presence of ultrasound with a frequency of 1 MHz and a 5.5‐W/cm 2 power output. The process involved here was free‐radical addition polymerization.…”

Chemical oxidative grafting of conducting poly(N‐methyl aniline) onto poly(ethylene terepthalate)

“…The use of peroxosalts [potassium peroxodisulfate (PDS), potassium peroxomonosulfate (PMS), etc.] as initiator for free‐radical initiation of vinyl polymerization and graft copolymerization has been exhaustively studied 12–18…”